White Stork (1/2)

Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758) (192, 4)

Photo © Chris Baines

Ex BBRC species 31/12/1982

STATUS

Western and Central Palearctic. Polytypic.

OVERVIEW

Spring overshoots are what tend to occur in Britain during April and May, along with suspected free-flying captive birds, so it is difficult to assess the true status, with some individuals wandering which may refer to the same individuals. Return movements begin in August.

In 1882 a pair escaped from H. D. Astley, of Chequers Court, Tring, and were possibly accountable for records that year. In 1909 White Storks were breeding at Kew Gardens and the offspring were free-flying. While in 1913 a pair were liberated on the River Exe in Devon and in 1939 some Storks were brought over from Germany and released in Kent.

High flying birds can be confused with White Pelican and Egyptian Vulture (BWP Concise) if bare parts are not seen well.

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RECORDS

1). 1416 Lothian St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh, pair, nested, summer.

(Bower, 1416; Goodall, 1759; W. E. Clarke, Scottish Naturalist 39: 25-26; Eds., British Birds 12: 283; J. E. Harting, Field 12th Apr., 1919: 445; Rintoul & Baxter, 1935; Thom, 1986; W. R. P. Bourne, British Birds 101: 214).

History Wm. Eagle Clarke (1919) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 25-26, says: '...My attention, however, was recently drawn to a remarkable record - one which has apparently been overlooked by the numerous ornithologists interested in all that concerns our British birds - relating to the nesting of a pair of Storks in Scotland in the early years of the fifteenth century. This notable event is recorded in Goodall's edition of the Scotichronicon (Vol. II. book xv, chap. xxiv, p. 449) published in 1759.

This great historical work was commenced by John Fordum, who died about the year 1384, under the title of 'Chronica Gentis Scotorum', and was edited and continued by Walter Bower, the Abbot on Inchcolm, as the Scotochonicon, the latter being the author responsible for all the records subsequent to the 1383. In Bower's chronicles for the year 1416 it is related that: - "An. D. millesimo quadringentesimo decimo sexto, obiit dominus Jacobus Biset, Prior Sancti Andreae, in crastino nativitatis Sancti Johannis Baptistae. Hoc etiam anno par avium ciconiarum venerunt in Scotiam, et super ecclesiam S. Aegidii de Edinburgh nidificabant, et per unam ratam anni ibi morabantur; sed quò postea avolaverunt, nescitur. Maxima est illis, ut dicit Plinius, cura foetûs, adeo ut, dum nidus perpensiùs fovent, assiduo accubitu plumas exuunt. Sed et pullis non minus eximia pietas exstat erga matres: nam quantum temporis matres impenderint foetibus educandis, tanto tempore et ipsae à pullis aluntur. Unde et pia avis dicitur".

Translated in English, it runs as follows: - In the year of our Lord, fourteen hundred and sixteen, there died, on the morrow of the birth of Saint John the Baptist, Master James Biset, Prior of St. Andrews. In this same year a pair of Storks came to Scotland, and nested on the top of the church of S. Giles of Edinburgh, and dwelt there throughout a season of the year; but to what place they flew away thereafter no one knows. So very great is their solicitude for their young, that as Pliny tells, while they are tending their nest most closely, with constant sitting they wear off their feathers. But not less extraordinary parental duty is evinced by the chicks to their mothers; for at such time as the mother birds are burdened with the rearing of their progeny, the old ones are even fed by their young. Whence it is called "pia avis" - the dutiful bird.

The learned Abbot's quotation from Pliny clearly indicates that he was interested in bird-life, and also that he had some knowledge of the literature relating to that subject. The church of St. Giles on which the Storks nested was a new stone edifice commenced in 1387 to replace a former church destroyed by fire in 1385, and some of it doubtless forms part of the Cathedral of today.'

In an Editorial (1919) in British Birds, Vol. XII. p. 283, they say: 'In the Scot. Nat., 1919, p. 25, Dr. W. Eagle Clarke quotes a passage from Bower's Scotichronicon for 1416, in which it is stated that a pair of Storks (Ciconia ciconia) came to Scotland in that year and nested on the top of St. Giles's Church, Edinburgh. Part of this building doubtless still exists as a portion of the Cathedral of to-day.'

J. E. Harting (1919) in The Field of 12th Apr., Vol. CXXXIII. p. 445, quotes the above from the Scottish Naturalist. While Rintoul & Baxter (1935) say: 'The only record of the White Stork in the area cannot be said to be a modern one. In the Scotichronicon we are told: "In the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and sixteen, there died, on the morrow of the birth of St John the Baptist, Master James Biset, prior of St Andrews. In this same year a pair of Storks came to Scotland, and nested on the top of St Giles of Edinburgh, and dwelt there throughout a season of the year; but to what place they flew away thereafter no one knows. (Goodall's edition, 1759)".'

3). 1766 Northumberland Chollerford Bridge, shot, early in the year.

(Wallis, 1769; Yarrell, 1845; Yarrell, 1871-85; Bolam, 1912; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83; Kerr, 2001).

History Wallis (1769 (1): 336-337) says: 'The White Stork, an uncommon bird in England, was killed near Chollerford-bridge in the beginning of the year 1766, by Mr. James Moor, who keeps the noted good inn at that place. It is some what larger than our heron, the neck thicker, which makes it appear not so long; the body of the size of the domestic goose; three or four feet high when erect. The head is large, and a little depressed on the crown; the eyes also large, and of a piercing aspect; the beak long and robust, with a sharp point, of a beautiful red for the whole length. The legs and feet are of the same colour; the legs long and naked a great way up; the toes long; the claws black, of the shape of the nails of one's fingers. The plumage of the whole body is white, except the quill and the cover feathers of the wings, which are black; the tail scarce an inch long, and not seen for the wings over it. The quills are large, making excellent writing-pens. With its bill it makes an unusual kind of noise, by striking one chap against the other, in a quick and forcible manner. It feeds upon fish, frogs, and serpents, but will not meddle with toads. It is common in many parts beyond sea, in Holland, and Germany. It builds on old towers, and other buildings, and sometimes on the tops of tall truncated trees.

The case of the bird killed here was fixed against the west front-wall of the inn, where it remained for a long time, with the erroneous name of that more rare bird, the Flamingo, put up under it in writing; a bird of quite a different figure and colour. However, this wrong name drew together crowds of people from the adjacent parts to see it, who for some time returned satisfied that they had seen the Flamingo, the most remarkable bird hitherto known.'

Yarrell (1845 (2): 555, 2nd ed.) says: 'Bewick says that Wallis in his History of Northumberland mentions one which was killed near Chollerford Bridge in the year 1766. Its skin was nailed up against the wall of the inn of that place, and drew crowds of local people to view it.'

Hancock (1874: 129) adds: '...and the description there given of the specimen, leaves no doubt as to the species.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 220, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, who adds: 'Wallis, in his Natural History of Northumberland (I. p. 366), mentions one which was killed near Chollerford Bridge, in the year 1766....'

Accepted locally (Bolam 1912: 334; Galloway & Meek 1978; Kerr 2001).

4). 1784 Kent Sandwich, picked up dead, undated.

(Latham, 1787; Boys, 1792; Balston, Shepherd & Bartlett, 1907; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History Latham (1787: 234, 1st supp.) says: 'Two instances have been mentioned, in our former volumes, of this bird having been met with in England: in addition to which, Mr. Boys informs me, that one has been picked up dead, but fresh, on the shore of Sandwich Bay.

Locally, Balston, Shepherd & Bartlett (1907: 315) say: 'Boys, in his Birds of Sandwich, 1792, gives a "single instance at Sandwich".' Ticehurst (1909: 319) says: 'The first of which we have notice of is the bird mentioned by Boys as "a single instance at Sandwich", and this is apparently the one which Latham says (Gen. Hist. of Birds, IX. p. 49) was found dead on the shore at Sandwich in 1784.'

5). 1785 Kent Southfleet, near Gravesend, shot, winter.

(Latham, 1787; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History Latham (1787: 234, 1st supp.) says: 'Another was also shot in the winter of 1785, at Southfleet, in Kent, but perished before I had notice of it (Communicated by Mr. Macreth).' Ticehurst (1909: 319) says: 'In the same paragraph Latham records two others, one of which was shot in the winter of 1785 at Southfleet, near Gravesend.'

6). 1789 Wiltshire Near Downton, shot, August.

(Montagu, 1802; Latham, 1821-28; Jenyns, 1835; Smith, 1887; Buxton, 1981; Wiltshire Ornithological Society, 2007).

History Montagu (1802) says: 'Several instances are on record: one was killed at Salisbury in February, 1790.'

Latham (1824 (9): 49) says: 'In the beginning of the winter 1789, a farmer, of Downton, near Salisbury, killed a Stork.'

Jenyns (1835: 193) says: 'Montagu mentions one which was killed near Salisbury, in February, 1790.'

Smith (1887: 409) says: 'I have also a newspaper notice of an immature bird, supposed to have flown over from Holland, shot in August, 1789, by Mr. Selfe, as it was seen feeding in a meadow, near Downton; so that a hundred years ago it was considered of sufficient rarity to deserve special notice in print.'

Accepted locally (Wiltshire Ornithological Society 2007).

7). 1798 Yorkshire Howden, winter.

(Fothergill, 1799; Clarke & Roebuck, 1881; Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History Clarke & Roebuck (1881: 51) say: 'Howden, one, winter, 1798 (Fothergill, Orn. Brit., p. 7).'

Accepted locally (Nelson 1907 (2): 403; Mather 1986).

8). 1800 Kent Near Sandwich, shot, May.

(Latham, 1821-28; Ticehurst, 1909).

History Latham (1824 (9): 49) says: 'In May 1800, one was shot near Sandwich, by Mr. Boys.'

Ticehurst (1909: 319) says: 'Latham records two others...while the other was shot near Sandwich by Boys himself in May, 1800, subsequent to the publication of his History of Sandwich.

9). 1805 Kent Sandwich, shot, undated.

(Montagu, 1813; Fleming, 1828; Jenyns, 1835; Rennie, 1835; Newman, 1866; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History Montagu (1813) says: 'To the few instances on record we are enabled to add one shot at Sandwich in Kent, in the year 1805; unfortunately only the head and legs of this specimen were saved, and are now in our possession, giving a proof of the fact. The bill is seven inches and a half long from the tip to the feathers on the forehead, and one inch three-eighths deep at the base; it is nearly straight, with the point of the upper mandible slightly bent downwards, and rather exceeding the other in length; the colour red; the length of the legs from the middle toe to the knee is a foot; from the knee to the joint of the thigh ten inches, six of which are bare of feathers, and all the bare part of this, as well as the legs, are scaly; the toes are connected with a strong scaly membrane, the middle toe to the outer as far as the second joint, and to the inner as far as the first joint; claws extremely short and blunt.'

Fleming (1828: 97) says: 'Pennant takes no notice of the bird. Montagu mentions (Supp. Orn. Dict.) one killed at Sandwich, Kent, in 1805.' Jenyns (1835: 193) says: 'A second shot at Sandwich in Kent, in 1805.'

Ticehurst (1909: 319) says: 'The fourth example would appear to be the one recorded by Montagu (Ornith. Dict., (1831) p. 501) as shot at Sandwich in 1805; the head and legs only of this specimen were saved and were preserved in Montagu's collection.'

10). 1808 Hampshire Little Park, near Wickham, shot, autumn.

(Montagu, 1813; Fleming, 1828; Jenyns, 1835; Yarrell, 1845; Newman, 1866; Yarrell, 1871-85; Kelsall & Munn, 1905).

History Montagu (1813) says: 'Another Stork was shot in Hampshire, in the autumn of 1808, by the gamekeeper belonging to Major Guiton. The Major had seen the bird in the morning, and shot at it without effect, being at too great a distance; in the evening it was observed by the keeper, perched upon the top of a house, where it was shot. The same bird (probably) had been noticed by some husbandmen, several times for the preceding fortnight, contiguous to the place where it was shot.'

Fleming (1828: 97) says: 'Montagu mentions (Supp. Orn. Dict.)...and another in Hampshire, in the autumn of 1808.'

Jenyns (1835: 193) says: 'A third in Hampshire, in the Autumn of 1808.'

Yarrell (1845 (2): 555, 2nd ed.) says: 'One was killed in Hampshire in 1808 by the gamekeeper of John Guitton, Esq., of Little Park, Wickham.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds.

Locally, Kelsall & Munn (1905: 204) admit this record from the above source, while Clark & Eyre (1993: 93) say: 'Five records within the county boundary were listed in K & M.'

Comment This would be included in the five records accepted by Clark & Eyre (1993).

11). 1810 Norfolk Great Yarmouth, seen, autumn.

(Paget & Paget, 1834; Stevenson, 1870).

History Paget & Paget (1834: 8) say: 'One seen in the autumn of 1810.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 178) says: 'In Sir William Hooker's MS. I find the following important notes, which are, in many points, confirmed by the Messrs. Paget: - "A Stork seen about Yarmouth by Mr. Penrice and Mr. Bonfellow in the autumn of 1810".'

12). 1815 Norfolk/Suffolk Gorleston-on-Sea, Suffolk, pair seen, one killed, April, now at Cambridge Museum.

(R. Sheppard & W. Whitear, Transactions of the Linnean Society 15: 38; Paget & Paget, 1834; Stevenson, 1870; Babington, 1884-86).

History R. Sheppard & W. Whitear (1826) in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. XV. p. 38, say: 'A few years since a pair of White Storks were seen at Gorleston, and one of them was killed.'

Paget & Paget (1834: 8) say: '...another [killed] before that time [1817].'

Babington (1884-86: 156) says: 'One shot there [Yarmouth] April 1815 (Cambridge Museum).'

14). 1817 Norfolk/Suffolk Burgh Castle, Suffolk, pair seen, May to June, shot, early July.

(R. Sheppard & W. Whitear, Transactions of the Linnean Society 15: 39; Paget & Paget, 1834; Stevenson, 1870; Ticehurst, 1932; Allard, 1990).

History R. Sheppard & W. Whitear (1826) in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. XV. p. 39, say: 'Another pair was observed at Acle in the month of June 1817. And about the same time a female of this species was killed near Burgh Castle.'

Paget & Paget (1834: 8) say: 'A pair shot in the Burgh Marshes in the summer of 1817.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 178-179) says: 'A pair seen at Burgh Castle during the months of May and June, 1817, and at length shot in the beginning of July.' Further in a footnote, Stevenson adds: 'That these are probably the same birds.'

16). 1817 Norfolk Caister-on-Sea, shot, June.

(Stevenson, 1870; Ticehurst, 1932; Allard, 1990).

History Stevenson (1870 (2): 179) says: 'Another before that time shot at Caistor [sic].'

Comment Caistor St Edmund is near Norwich while Caister-on-Sea is a few miles North of Yarmouth.

17). 1817 Norfolk/Suffolk Burgh Castle, Suffolk, killed, November.

(R. Sheppard & W. Whitear, Transactions of the Linnean Society 15: 39; Stevenson, 1870; Ticehurst, 1932; Allard, 1990).

History R. Sheppard & W. Whitear (1826) in the Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. XV. p. 39, say: 'And about the same time [June 1817] a female of this species was killed near Burgh Castle, and another in the month of November.'

Comment This record could refer to the pair recorded earlier in the year.

18). 1818 Norfolk Cantley, killed, 6th May.

(Stevenson, 1870).

History Stevenson (1870 (2): 179) says: 'One killed in Norfolk, May 6th, 1818, now in the possession of Mr. J. Hunt, of Norwich.' Further, in a footnote, Stevenson adds: 'Probably the one recorded in his List as killed at Cantley.'

19). c. 1825 Nottinghamshire/Yorkshire Near Bawtry, obtained, undated.

(Allis, 1844; Morris, 1851-57; Felkin, 1866; Sterland & Whitaker, 1879; Clarke & Roebuck, 1881; Nelson, 1907; Whitaker, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History Morris (1856 (5): 114) says: 'About the year 1825, one was killed at Bawtry, in that county [Yorkshire].' Locally for Yorkshire, Clarke & Roebuck (1881: 51) say: 'Bawtry, one about 1825 (Alliss)' and Nelson (1907 (2): 403) who says: 'Thomas Allis, 1844, wrote: - "White Stork - Hugh Reid reports that one was killed at Bawtry about nineteen years ago and came into his own possession".' It was accepted locally (Mather 1986).

Locally for Notts., Felkin (1866: 52) says: 'The White Stork is recorded in Morris' British Birds as killed near Bawtry, North Notts', while Sterland & Whitaker (1879: 49) adds: 'In 1825 one was killed at Bawtry' and Whitaker (1907) says: 'In 1825 one was shot near Bawtry, in the north corner of the county.'

Comment Bawtry is in north Nottinghamshire, close to the border with South Yorkshire. Some confusion with the 1829 Nottinghamshire record and this record as Saunders just states that only two were killed; its possible Saunders counted it under Yorkshire.

20). 1828 Oxfordshire Otmoor, four, one killed, spring.

(A. & H. Matthews, Zoologist 1849: 2601; Yarrell, 1871-85; Aplin, 1889; Radford, 1966).

History A. & H. Matthews (1849) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. VII. p. 2601, under 'The Birds of Oxfordshire', say: 'In the spring of 1828 four Storks were seen on Otmoor; one of the party was killed, and taken to Mr. J. Forrest, of Oxford; the other three effected their escape.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, who says: 'One, out of a flock of four, was shot in Oxfordshire.'

Accepted locally (Aplin 1889: 187; Radford 1966).

24). 1830 Cleveland/Co. Durham Cowpen Marsh, Durham, two, seen, one shot, spring.

(J. Hogg, Zoologist 1845: 1152; Temperley, 1951; Blick, 2008; Bowey & Newsome, 2012).

History J. Hogg (1845) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. III. p. 1172, in his Catalogue, says: 'Two of this species were seen in Cowpen Marsh in the spring of 1830, when one of them was shot. This migratory bird I have often noticed in France, Germany, Switzerland, etc.'

Accepted locally for Cleveland (Blick 2008) and for Co. Durham (Bowey & Newsome 2012).

26.0). 1830 Lincolnshire Keadby Common, four/five, seen, spring.

(Yarrell, 1845; Morris, 1851-57; Nelson, 1907; Smith & Cornwallis, 1955).

History Yarrell (1845 (2) : 555-556, 2nd ed.) says: 'I learn from Frederick Holme Esq., that a flock of four or five White Storks haunted the pools of Kedby [sic] Common in the East Riding of Yorkshire [sic], for some time in the spring of 1830, and one of them was shot.'

Morris (1856 (5): 114) says: 'The late Frederick Holme, Esq., of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, asserted that four or five haunted some pools on Kexby Common, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, for some time, in the spring of 1830, and that one of them was shot.'

Nelson (1907 (2): 404) says: 'In 1830 a small flock appeared on a piece of water at Keelby [sic] Common in Lincolnshire.'

Smith & Cornwallis (1955) say: 'In the Notitiae Ludae of 1834, three are said to have occurred near Louth in the previous ten years. It is also mentioned by Stonehouse in 1839 as having occurred in the Isle of Axholme. Both this and the Louth records must be considered doubtful.'

Comment Keadby Common is close to the River Trent and is in the Isle of Axholme, Lincs. It is also about 20 miles from Misson and Bawtry in Notts.

30). 1830 Suffolk Thorpe Fen, Aldringham-cum-Thorpe, three, seen, spring; presumed one of same, Sudbourn Hall, shot, spring.

(E. Acton, Loudon's Magazine of Natural History 4: 163; Yarrell, 1845; Babington, 1884-86; Ticehurst, 1932).

History Edward Acton of Grundisburgh (1831) in Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, Vol. IV. p. 163, dated 29th November, 1830, says: 'Three seen for some weeks at the spring of this year, about Butley Creek and Thorpe Fen; only one killed, and that by the Marquess of Hereford's keeper on the Sudbourne estate.'

Babington (1884-86: 157) who admits to having seen the specimen, says: 'Three seen some weeks in spring 1830 about Thorpe Fen and Butley Creek; one of these (?), a splendid specimen, killed on the Sudbourn Hall estate by Lord Hertford's keeper in 1830, in Sir R. Wallace's collection (Acton in Loudon's Mag. N. H., IV. 163 (1831).' Accepted locally (Ticehurst 1932).

Comment The Sudbourne Estate in the mid 17th century, by marriage, was owned by the sixth Viscount Hereford. By 1753 the Estate was sold by the executors of eleventh Viscount Hereford to the first Marquess of Hertford.

26.1). 1830 Nottinghamshire/Yorkshire River Trent, near Bawtry, flock, two killed, undated; same as Lincolnshire.

(Morris, 1851-57; Sterland & Whitaker, 1879; Nelson, 1907; Whitaker, 1907).

History Morris (1856 (5): 114-115) says: 'About the year 1829, a flock was seen on the Trent, two, supposed to belong to which, were shot, also near Bawtry.' Sterland & Whitaker (1879: 49) says: 'In 1829, a flock was seen on the Trent near the same place, and two which were supposed to have formed part of it were afterwards killed at Bawtry.'

Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, ays: 'In Nottinghamshire, two have been killed on the Trent.'

Whitaker (1907) says: 'In 1829 a flock was seen not very far from the same place and two were killed.'

Comment Morris recorded this 26 years later and I assume that the year was 1830 when a number of this species occurred. Some confusion with the 1825 Nottinghamshire record and this record as Saunders just states that only two were killed. Saunders would probably be unaware of Felkin's list.

26.2). 1830 Nottinghamshire Misson, shot, 7th May.

(J. Reece, N. Crouch, D. T. Parkin, C. du Feu & B. Ellis, 2019).

History J. Reece, N. Crouch, D. T. Parkin, C. du Feu & B. Ellis (2019) state one was shot at Misson on 7th May 1830.

33). 1830 Suffolk Mildenhall, shot, July.

(J. D. Hoy, Loudon's Magazine of Natural History 4: 344; Yarrell, 1845; Babington, 1884-86; Ticehurst, 1932).

History J. D. Hoy of Stoke Nayland (1831) in Loudon's Magazine of Natural History, Vol. IV. p. 344, dated 16th March, 1831, says: 'A Stork was shot near Mildenhall, in this county [Suffolk], in the beginning of July, 1830.'

Babington (1884-86: 157) says: 'One killed at Mildenhall in 1830 ([T. M.] Spalding 'List').'

Accepted locally (Ticehurst 1932).

Comment Spalding was highly regarded by Stevenson.

34). 1831 Yorkshire Bretton Park, near Barnsley, shot, March.

(Allis, 1844; Morris, 1851-57; Clarke & Roebuck, 1881; Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History Morris (1856 (5): 115) says: 'In March, 1831, one was shot at Bretton Hall, near Barnsley, the seat of Thomas Wentworth Beaumont, Esq.' Clarke & Roebuck (1881: 51) say: 'Bretton Park, Barnsley, one, March, 1831 (Allis).'

Nelson (1907 (2): 403-404) says: 'Thomas Allis, 1844, wrote: - "White Stork - Dr. Farrar informs me that, in March 1831, he observed this bird (though at the time ignorant of its species from the height of its flight) winging his course from the east in a westerly direction, and next morning the bird was shot at Bretton Park, the residence of T. W. Beaumont, Esq., where it was standing in the shallow bed of the water, looking out for food".'

It was accepted locally (Mather 1986).

35). 1832 Lincolnshire Marshchapel, shot, June.

(Cordeaux, 1899; Smith & Cornwallis, 1955; Lorand & Atkin, 1989).

History Cordeaux (1899: 21) says: 'An adult in the Strickland Collection at York was shot in June, 1832, at Marshchapel, on the Lincolnshire coast.' Accepted locally (Smith & Cornwallis 1955; Lorand & Atkin 1989).

36). Pre 1835 Angus & Dundee Ethie House, near Arbroath, Angus, shot, undated.

(T. Mollinson, New Statistical Account of Craig, 1835; Gray, 1871; Yarrell, 1871-85; H. M. Drummond Hay, Scottish Naturalist 8: 367; A. N. Simpson, Scottish Naturalist 9: 337; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953; Forrester & Andrews et al., 2007).

History Gray (1871: 284-285) says: 'In the statistical account of the parish of Craig, in Forfarshire, prepared by the late Mr. Thomas Mollinson, Montrose, and published in 1835, it is stated that a Stork had been seen a short time previously near that town, and was afterwards shot at Ethie House.'

H. M. Drummond Hay (1885-86) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. VIII. p. 367, in the Report of the East of Scotland Union, says: 'One was shot at Ethie, near Arbroath, about 1836 (fide Mr. Barclay).'

A. Nicol Simpson (1888-89) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. IX. p. 337, admits this record.

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds and accepted nationally for Scotland (Forrester & Andrews et al. 2007).

37). Pre 1836 Kent Sittingbourne, adult, shot, undated.

(Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History Ticehurst (1909: 319-320) says: 'The next two in point of date, though this cannot now be accurately determined, are the specimens in the Dover Museum....The second is said by Thompson of his own knowledge to have been shot at Sittingbourne in all probability prior to 1836. Both of these are adult birds.'

38). 1836 Norfolk Near Holt, killed, undated.

(Stevenson, 1870).

History Stevenson (1870 (2): 179) says: 'Of more recent date, there is a record in Mr. Lombe's notes, of one killed near Holt, in 1836.'

39). 1837 Shetland No locality, Mainland, shot, autumn.

(Anon., Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society 7: 505; T. Edmondston, Zoologist 1844: 462; Macgillivray, 1837-52; Gray, 1871; Yarrell, 1871-85; Saxby, 1874; Evans & Buckley, 1899; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953; Pennington et al., 2004).

History Anon. (1837) in the Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, Vol. VII. p. 505, read 9th December 1837, says: 'Professor Jameson exhibited...and a fine specimen of the Stork, killed on the mainland of Shetland last autumn, and transmitted by William Mouat Cameron Mouat, Esq.'

Thomas Edmondston, jun. (1844) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. II. p. 462, says: 'One was shot a few years ago.'

Macgillivray (1852 (4): 484) says: 'The only individual known to me as having been obtained in Scotland was shot in Mainland, Shetland, and presented by Mr. M. Cameron to Professor Jameson, who deposited it in the Museum of the University of Edinburgh.'

Gray (1871: 285) says: 'Dr. MacGillivray describes one in his work that had been shot in Mainland, Shetland, and presented to the University Museum, Edinburgh.'

Saxby (1874) says: 'Writing in 1843, Thomas Edmondston records that "one was shot a few years ago". Another Shetland example is mentioned by Macgillivray; but beyond these none seem to have occurred unless, indeed, the two spoken of by Mr. Yarrell be other than these.'

Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, says: 'Two in the Shetlands.' Evans & Buckley (1899: 127) say: 'One example might account for all these records.' Accepted locally (Pennington et al. 2004).

Comment Unsure of the second record.

40). 1837-38 North-east Scotland Lonmay, near Loch of Strathbeg, Aberdeenshire, winter.

(J. Smith, Zoologist 1851: 3035; MacGillivray, 1837-52; Gray, 1871; Yarrell, 1871-85; H. M. Drummond Hay, Scottish Naturalist 8: 367; Sim, 1903; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953; Phillips, 1997; Forrester & Andrews et al., 2007).

History J. Smith of Manse of Monquhitter, Aberdeenshire (1851) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. IX. p. 3035, dated 17th December 1850, says: 'Happening to notice that our leading and most recent writers on Ornithology, such as Yarrell, Jardine &c., speak only of one example of the White, or Common Stork, as having hitherto been met with in Scotland, perhaps you will allow me to mention that, in the stormy and unusually severe season of 1837-38, a specimen of this bird was killed in a swampy moss in the parish of Lonmay, and at no great distance from the Loch of Strathbeg, an extensive sheet of fresh water, lying near to the sea-shore, about half way between the towns of Peterhead and Fraserburgh, in this county.

It had evidently been driven by stress of weather from the opposite continent, while in the course of its vernal migration. It attracted the notice of the neighbourhood; but no one was able to tell its name, a similar bird never having been seen in that quarter before. By the country people its legs were not inaptly compared to red Turkey leather. As there was no individual, either on the spot or in the vicinity, who was aware of its rarity, and consequently of its value as an object of science, it was nailed to the end of a barn, which, with its usual felicity, is characterized by White, of Selborne, as the "countryman's museum" (Sir W. Jardine's edit. p. 34). In this position it ministered to the gratification of the curious, till it finally went to decay. I obtained its bill, which is still in my possession, and which, beyond a doubt, identifies the bird, of which at one time it formed an important and conspicuous portion.'

Gray (1871: 285) says: 'Dr. MacGillivray, in referring to this specimen, mentions that the occurrence of another in Aberdeenshire in the winter of 1837-38 was communicated to him by the Rev. James Smith, Monquhitter.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, and by H. M. Drummond Hay (1885-86) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. VIII. p. 367, in the Report of the East of Scotland Union.

Accepted locally (Sim 1903: 140) and nationally for Scotland (Forrester & Andrews et al. 2007).

41). 1838 Norfolk East Wretham, shot, undated, now at Wretham Hall.

(Lubbock, 1845; H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; H. Stevenson, Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society 1: 84; Stevenson, 1870).

History Lubbock (1845) says: 'In 1838 a very fine specimen was shot at Wretham in this county.' H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1838: one recorded by Mr. Lubbock as killed at Wrotham [sic].'

Henry Stevenson (1869) in the Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society, Vol. I. p. 84, adds: 'It [Common Crane] is now preserved at Wretham Hall, with a White Stork shot by Mr. Gayford near the same spot [East Wretham] some thirty-five years ago [to 1873].' Later, Stevenson (1870 (2): 179) says: 'Mr. Lubbock mentions one killed at Wretham in 1838.'

42). 1840 Orkney South Ronaldsay, caught, undated.

(Baikie & Heddle, 1848; Gray, 1871; Yarrell, 1871-85; Buckley & Harvie-Brown, 1891; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953).

History Baikie & Heddle (1848) say: 'A White Stork was caught in South Ronaldsay, in 1840, and kept alive for some time. Being prevented from escaping by its wings clipped, it used to keep company with a flock of tame geese.'

Gray (1871: 285) says: 'Messrs Baikie and Heddle also include the species in their catalogue - specimen having been killed on South Ronaldsay, Orkney, in 1840.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, locally (Buckley & Harvie-Brown 1891: 162-163) and nationally for Scotland (Baxter & Rintoul 1953).

43). 1841 Sussex Blackrock, Brighton, 15th September.

(Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Borrer (1891: 323) says: 'In my own notes I have the following: - A bird, positively asserted to be a Stork, was observed on the 15th of September, 1841, standing on a building at Blackrock, Brighton, which, on being approached to within about thirty yards, flew out to sea and was lost sight of.'

Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 318).

44). 1842 Essex No locality, killed, May.

(Yarrell, 1845; Glegg, 1929; Hudson & Pyman, 1968; Cox, 1984; Wood, 2007).

History Yarrell (1845 (2): 556, 2nd ed.) says: 'Thomas Thornhill, Esq., favoured me with a notice of one killed in Essex during the same month [May, 1842].'

Accepted locally (Cox 1984; Wood 2007).

45). 1842 Norfolk Great Yarmouth, seen, 10th May; same, Halvergate, adult, shot, 11th May, now at Castle Museum, Norwich.

(W. R. Fisher, Zoologist 1843: 182; Lubbock, 1845; Yarrell, 1845; H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Stevenson, 1870; Patterson, 1905; Allard, 1990).

History W. R. Fisher (1843) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. I. p. 182, says: 'As I was walking along the beach, on the morning of the 10th of May last I observed a bird of this species coming over from seawards. When it first came over the shore, it was flying so low that I could plainly distinguish its long legs stretched out behind, like those of the heron, the black bar across the wings, formed by the quill feathers and wing coverts, contrasting strongly with the pure white of the rest of the body. I watched it for some minutes, as, after taking two or three turns over the houses, it slowly soared to an immense height, and then went steadily off in a south-westerly direction. It was shot next day, about six miles from Yarmouth, and has, I believe, been since placed in the Norwich Museum.'

Lubbock (1845) says: 'The Museum has one killed on Breydon.' Further, in a footnote he adds: 'In Mr. W. R. Fisher's copy of Lubbock is the following note with regard to this specimen, "I saw this bird come over while I was on Yarmouth jetty. W.R.F.".'

H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1842: a fine male obtained near Yarmouth, now in the Norwich Museum.' Later, Stevenson (1870 (2): 179) adds: 'It was shot the next day about six miles from Yarmouth. At Halvergate, as Mr. Fisher subsequently informed Mr. Yarrell.'

Accepted locally (Allard 1990).

46). 1843 Northumberland Newton-by-the-Sea, adult, shot, late March.

(Dr. Embleton, History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2: 78; Bolam, 1912; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83; Kerr, 2001).

History Dr. Embleton (1842-49) in the History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, under 'Miscellanea', Vol. II. p. 78, it says: 'Ciconia alba. A beautiful specimen of this stork was shot at Newton-by-the-Sea, about the latter end of March, by Mr. Wm. Forster. I suppose the south-east gales had driven him from Holland. He was an old bird, was swallowing a few toads for his breakfast, when shot, at the side of a muddy hole not 50 yards from Mr. Forster's house. R. Embleton.'

Bolam (1912: 334) says: 'An adult was shot by the late Mr. William Forster, of Newton-by-the-Sea, at a ford on the side of the road near his house, about the end of March, 1843. (Dr. Embleton, Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, Vol. II. p. 78).'

Accepted locally (Galloway & Meek 1978-83; Kerr 2001).

47). Pre 1844 Kent Romney Marsh, adult, shot, undated.

(Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History Ticehurst (1909: 319-320) says: 'The next two in point of date, though this cannot now be accurately determined, are the specimens in the Dover Museum. The first of these was formerly in Plomley's collection and was shot in Romney Marsh prior to 1844....Both of these are adult birds.'

48). Pre 1844 Yorkshire Skipsea, obtained, undated.

(Allis, 1844; Clarke & Roebuck, 1881; Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History Clarke & Roebuck (1881: 51) say: 'Skipsea, one in the collection of Arthur Strickland (Allis, 1844).'

Nelson (1907 (2): 404) says: 'A third instance was reported by the same recorder [T. Allis] on the sea shore at Skipsea, the specimen being acquired by A. Strickland.' It was accepted locally (Mather 1986).

49). 1846 Yorkshire Wansford, near Driffield, seen, spring.

(F. O. Morris, Zoologist 1846: 1501; Clarke & Roebuck, 1881; Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History F. O. Morris (1846) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. IV. p. 1501, says: 'As I see a notice of the White Stork in the last number of The Zoologist, I beg leave to inform you that a specimen was seen this spring on the Driffield stream, below Wansford, in this parish, by two gentlemen, Mr. Fife and Mr. G. Reynard, by whom I was informed of the circumstance.'

Accepted locally (Clarke & Roebuck 1881: 51; Nelson 1907 (2): 404; Mather 1986).

50). 1846 Buckinghamshire Near Buckingham, shot, September.

(Morris, 1851-57; Clark Kennedy, 1868; Fraser & Youngman, 1976).

History Morris (1856 (5): 114) says: 'One was shot a few miles from Buckingham, in the month of September, in the year 1846, of which James Dalton, Esq., of Worcester College, Oxford, obligingly informed me.'

Clark Kennedy (1868: 189-190) says: 'The Rev. F. O. Morris states, on the authority of Mr. James Dalton, of Worcester College, Oxford, that a White Stork was shot a few miles from Buckingham, in the month of September, 1846.'

Accepted locally (Fraser & Youngman 1976).

51). 1848 Cornwall Mayon Pond, Sennen, adult, killed, 13th May.

(E. H. Rodd, Zoologist 1848: 2147; Newman, 1866; E. H. Rodd, Zoologist 1870: 2243; Yarrell, 1871-85; Penhallurick, 1969).

History E. H. Rodd of Penzance (1848) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. VI. p. 2147, dated 17th May, 1848, says: 'On Saturday last the servant of James Trembath, Esq., of Mayon [House], killed an adult specimen of this bird, which has been set up by Mr. Vingoe, of this place, at whose house I examined it this morning. It is a fine, well grown bird, and the plumage appears to be uninjured. I am not aware of the occurrence of this species before in the county, although I have in my collection an example of the same congener the Black Stork, killed in 1831 on the River Tamar.'

Harting, Editor (1880: 125) in Rodd's Birds of Cornwall, says: 'In May 1848, a servant of the late Mr. James Trembath of Magor House, killed an adult White Stork in the Land's End district.'

Further, p. 200, under 'Annual Summaries' read to the Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, Rodd adds: 'It is now preserved in the Museum of the Natural History Society of Penzance.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds and accepted locally (Penhallurick 1969).

52). 1848 Norfolk/Suffolk Breydon Water, adult female, shot, 7th June.

(J. H. Gurney & W. R. Fisher, Zoologist 1848: 2291-92; H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Newman, 1866; Stevenson, 1870; Allard, 1990).

History J. H. Gurney & W. R. Fisher (1848) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. VI. p. 2291-92, dated September, 1848, says: 'About the 7th of June an adult female White Stork was shot near Yarmouth.'

H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1848: one killed on Breydon.' Later, Stevenson (1870 (2): 180) adds: 'Now in the possession of Rev. H. T. Frere, of Burston.'

Accepted locally (Allard 1990).

53). 1848 Borders Blackpotts, near Coldingham, Berwickshire, shot, undated.

(R. Gray, Morris and Bree's Naturalist 2: 278; Turnbull, 1867; Gray, 1871; Yarrell, 1871-85; Muirhead, 1895; Evans, 1911; Bolam, 1912; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953).

History Robert Gray of Southcroft, Govan (1852) in Morris and Bree's edition of The Naturalist, Vol. II. p. 278, dated 19th October, 1852, says: 'A very fine specimen of this bird was shot near the sea coast at Coldingham, a few months ago, and is now in the beautiful collection of birds at Abbey Farm, North Berwick, where I had the pleasure of seeing it last month, through the courtesy of Mr. Paterson, owner of the museum. The bird had been seen in the neighbourhood for some days before it was killed.'

Turnbull (1867, 2nd ed.) says: 'A specimen of this conspicuous bird was shot near St Abb's Head in 1848, and is now in the excellent collection of Mr. Paterson, North Berwick Mains, where I lately saw it.'

Gray (1871: 285) says: 'In addition to these instances, I have to record the occurrence of a very fine specimen which was shot near St. Abb's Head, Berwickshire, in 1848, by a fisherman, who gave it to Mr. William Paterson of North Berwick. This bird is still carefully preserved in that gentleman's collection. I saw it shortly after its capture, and have since seen it when visiting Mr. Paterson in company with Dr. Turnbull who takes notice of the specimen in his little work on the Birds of East Lothian.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.)n Yarrell's British Birds.

Muirhead (1895 (2): 64) adds: 'A fine specimen of this very rare bird was shot in a field on the farm of Blackpotts, near Coldingham, in 1848, and was for many years in the collection of Mr. William Patterson, Abbey Farm, North Berwick, where I have frequently seen it.'

It was also accepted locally (Evans 1911: 144) and nationally for Scotland (Baxter & Rintoul 1953).

Comment I wonder if when first published in The Naturalist it should have read "a few years ago" instead of "months" as this would explain the discrepancy in the date by Robert Gray.

54). 1849 Norfolk Cley-next-the-Sea, seen, summer.

(Stevenson, 1870).

History Stevenson (1870 (2): 179-180) says: 'Another seen in the Cley marshes, in the summer of 1849, within shot of the Salthouse bank.'

55). 1849 Norfolk Stoke Ferry, shot, early July.

(J. W. Foster, Zoologist 1849: 2568; Stevenson, 1870).

History J. W. Foster, Curator of Wisbech Museum (1849) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. VII. p. 2568, dated 17th July, 1849, says: 'A fortnight since a White Stork was, I am informed, shot at Stoke Ferry, near Downham. This has also been preserved.' It was accepted locally (Stevenson 1870 (2): 179-180).

56). 1849 Sussex Romney Marsh, obtained, October.

(Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Borrer (1891: 323-324) says: 'Mr. Ellman, writing to me in March 1852, mentions a White Stork which was shot about three years before in Romney Marsh, in October 1849, on the Sussex side of the Kent ditch, and passed into the possession of Mr. Lordine, of Ewhurst, Sussex.'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 318) says: '...Maybe this is the dateless White Stork from Rye mentioned in the 2nd (1888) Supplement to 'The Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonards and Vicinity'. But, if so, one wonders why it received such tardy recognition in that pamphlet, since the parent publication was printed in 1878 and the 1st Supplement in 1883.'

57). 1849 Leicestershire & Rutland Near Melton Mowbray, obtained, undated.

(M. Browne, Zoologist 1886: 198; Browne, 1889; Hickling, 1978; Fray et al., 2009).

History Montagu Browne (1886) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. X. p. 198, says: 'Harley states that one was obtained near Melton Mowbray in 1849, and the narrative of its capture was related to him by a resident of that place, Mr. Widdowson, who had the bird in his possession.'

Accepted locally (Browne 1889: 125; Fray et al. 2009).

58). 1851 Leicestershire & Rutland Scalford, shot, undated.

(M. Browne, Zoologist 1886: 198; Hickling, 1978; Fray et al., 2009).

History Montagu Browne (1886) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. X. p. 198, says: 'One in the possession of Mr. T. Morris, of Wycombe, near Melton Mowbray, was shot by his brother early one morning as it sat on one of his farm-buildings at Scalford Lodge, in 1851. I am not sure if this is the one alluded to by Harley.'

Accepted locally (Fray et al. 2009).

Comment Two in three years near Melton Mowbray is more than a coincidence. Scalford Lodge being a few miles away.

59). 1852 Norfolk Near Great Yarmouth, immature, killed, February.

(L. H. Irby, Zoologist 1852: 3476-77; H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Newman, 1866; Stevenson, 1870).

History L. H. Irby of Saxham (1852) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. X. pp. 3476-77, dated 24th April, 1852, says: 'Another was said to have been killed near Yarmouth about the beginning of January.'

H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1852: an immature bird in February, near Yarmouth; and an old bird on Breydon about March 15.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 180) says: 'In February of the same year [1852] an immature specimen also, killed near Yarmouth, was sent up to Norwich for preservation. This bird had evidently received a previous wound from the effects of which it had been gradually wasting, and was thus happily destroyed.' Stevenson, in a footnote on the same page, adds: 'This was one of the two recorded erroneously by Morris as occurring in 1851 in his British Birds, Vol. IV. p. 152.'

Comment Probably killed early February.

60). 1852 Norfolk/Suffolk Breydon Water, adult male, about 15th March.

(L. H. Irby, Zoologist 1852: 3476; H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Newman, 1866; Stevenson, 1870).

History L. H. Irby of Saxham (1852) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. X. p. 3476, dated 24th April, 1852, says: 'A White Stork, an adult male, was killed on Breydon, near Yarmouth, about the 15th of March.' H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1852: an immature bird in February, near Yarmouth; and an old bird on Breydon about March 15.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 180) adds: '...now in Major Irby's possession.' Stevenson, in a footnote on the same page, adds: 'This was one of the two recorded erroneously by Morris as occurring in 1851 in his British Birds Vol. IV. p. 152.'

61). 1852 Devon River Exe, Topsham, shot, 28th July.

(Morris, 1851-57; J. Brooking Rowe, Transactions of the Plymouth Institution 1862-63: 75; Pidsley, 1891; Moore, 1969; Tyler, 2010).

History Morris (1856 (5): 114) says: 'N. Rowe, Esq., also of the same College [Worcester, Oxford], of another shot at Topsham, Devonshire, on the estuary of the Exe, on the 28th of July, 1852.'

J. Brooking Rowe (1862-63) in the Transactions of the Plymouth Institution, Vol. I. p. 75, says: 'The last Devonshire one is mentioned by my cousin in Morris's British Birds, Vol. IV. p. 151, as having been shot at Topsham, on the Exe, July 28th, 1852.'

Accepted locally (Moore 1969; Tyler 2010).

62). 1853 Norfolk Brooke, near Norwich, adult, obtained, August, now at Castle Museum, Norwich.

(H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Stevenson, 1870).

History H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1853: an adult specimen, also in the Norwich Museum, shot at Brooke in August.' Later, Stevenson (1870 (2): 180) says: 'A second example in the Norwich Museum, in adult plumage, was procured at Brooke, near Norwich, in August 1853.'

63). 1855 Norfolk Lakenham Marshes, near Norwich, seen, 3rd October.

(H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Stevenson, 1870).

History H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1855: on Oct. 3 I saw one myself in the Lakenham Marshes, near Norwich, sitting by a drain, with his red beak reposing on his breast, and though not far from the railroad on which I was travelling, it did not seem at all alarmed by the train.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 180) says: 'On the 3rd of October, 1855, whilst travelling by an early train on the Great Eastern Railway, I saw one of these birds in a low meadow, at Lakenham, near Norwich, not far from the line, and, as long as I could observe it, perfectly undisturbed by the noise of the passing carriages. It was standing apparently in a little watercourse, as I could see only part of its legs, with its head and neck thrown back, and its red beak resting on its breast in the most perfect repose; whilst the marked contrast of the black wing feathers to the pure white of the rest of the plumage was strikingly visible in the bright morning sun.'

64). c. 1855 Kent Romney Marsh, adult, shot, undated.

(Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History Ticehurst (1909: 320) says: 'We next come to two previously unrecorded specimens, for information concerning which I am indebted to Mr. Thomas Daws, of Ewhurst, in Sussex. Mr. Daws and his uncle, the late W. W. Daws, before him, were tenants for years of a farm at Fairfield in Romney Marsh. Members of a local family of the name of Wellstead, long resident in this spot, have been in constant employment there as "lookers" to the various tenants, and with their long-barrelled marsh-guns have accounted for many of the rare birds that have been from time to time obtained there.

The first of these two Storks is an adult bird, and is now preserved in Mr. Daw's house at Ewhurst, and was, he informs me, shot by Edward Wellstead, "looker" to W. W. Daws, being afterwards stuffed by one Vaughan, of Northiam.

Fortunately, the latter, unlike most local birdstuffers, had the habit of putting particulars so far as he knew them on the backs of his cases. The back of this case bears the inscription "J. Vaughan, Northiam, 1855", so that this bird was almost certainly obtained in that year.'

65). c. 1855 Yorkshire Great Ayton, killed, undated.

(H. S. Harland, Field 21st Nov., 1891: 795; Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History H. S. Harland of Brighton (1891) in The Field of 21st Nov., Vol. LXXVIII. p. 795, says: 'It may interest some of your readers to know that in, or about, the year 1856 a brother of mine, who was shooting over a farm at Barnston, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, shot a White Stork. My brother subsequently went out to New Zealand, where he died, and the specimen referred to is now in the private collection of Mr. Edward Tindall, of Knapton Hall, near Scarborough. I mention this fact as I am not aware of its ever having been recorded, except, possibly, in a local paper.'

Nelson (1907 (2): 404) says: 'One was killed, about the year 1855, on a tall fir tree in the village of Great Ayton in Cleveland, and is now in the Museum attached to the Friends' School there.'

66). 1856 Devon River Clyst, near Clyst St George, shot, January, now at Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter.

(Eds., Zoologist 1891: 235; D'Urban & Mathew, 1895; Moore, 1969, Tyler, 2010).

History In an Editorial (1891) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XV. p. 234, there is a revue of Pidsley (1891) The Birds of Devonshire, in which is said, 'With regard to the White Stork, of which the last Devonshire example is stated to have been shot at Topsham on the Exe, in July, 1852 (p.93), we have a note that there is one in the Exeter Museum, labelled "St. George's Clyst, near Exeter [four miles distant], January, 1856".'

D'Urban & Mathew (1895: 196, 2nd ed.) say: 'A specimen in the Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter, was shot at Clyst St George. four miles from that city, in January 1856, as recorded on a label attached to the box case in which it came with the rest of the collection of the late Mr. F. W. L. Ross, of Topsham.'

Accepted locally (Moore 1969; Tyler 2010).

67). 1856 Norfolk North Pickenham, shot, 14th September.

(H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Stevenson, 1870).

History H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1856: one shot in September at Pickenham, near Swaffham.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 180-181) says: 'On the 14th of September, 1856, a very fine Stork was seen on the farm of Mr. Sewell, of North Pickenham, near Swaffham, from where it flew into some low grounds belonging to Mr. R. Hall Say. Mr. Say's keeper went in pursuit and succeeded in shooting it in a long plantation belonging to that gentleman.'

68). 1856 Yorkshire Bessingby, near Bridlington, obtained, 18th September, now at Scarborough Museum.

(Clarke & Roebuck, 1881; Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History Clarke & Roebuck (1881: 51) say: 'Bessingby, near Bridlington, one, Sept. 18, 1856 (Roberts, MS.).'

Nelson (1907 (2): 404) says: 'At Barmston, near Bridlington, Mr. John Harland obtained one on 18th September 1856, which is in the collection of the late E. Tindall, now deposited in the Scarborough Museum.'

Accepted locally (Mather 1986).

69). 1858 Norfolk Great Yarmouth, shot, undated.

(Stevenson, 1870; Allard, 1990).

History Stevenson (1870 (2): 181) says: 'In 1858 a fine specimen now in the collection of the Rev. C. J. Lucas, and formerly in that of Mr. A. F. Sealy, was shot at Yarmouth, and was purchased by the latter gentleman in the flesh.'

Accepted locally (Allard 1990).

70). 1860 Suffolk Trimley, female, shot, spring.

(Babington, 1884-86).

History Babington (1884-86: 157) says: 'A female shot at Trimley in spring 1860; in possession of Mr. Haward (Haward MS.).'

71). 1860 Norfolk Hickling Broad, adult female, killed, 29th November, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1954Z1.85).

(H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Stevenson, 1870; Watson, 2010).

History H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1860: an adult female at Hickling, on Nov. 29.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 181) says: 'On the 29th of November, 1860, an adult female was killed at Hickling, which, like the one in 1852, had suffered greatly from a previous wound, as shown by its soiled plumage and poor condition.'

Watson (2010) in detailing the W. R. Lysaght collection in the Birmingham Museum lists this specimen from Hickling, Norfolk, obtained on 29th November 1860. It was sold on 21st June 1889 as from the collection of the Rev. S. N. Micklethwaite of Hickling, Norfolk.

72). 1860-61 Suffolk Between Snape and Slaughden, seen, winter.

(Hele, 1870; Babington, 1884-86).

History Hele (1870) says: 'A single bird was seen during the cold winter of 1860 and 1861 several times, alongside the river, between Slaughden and Snape. It only remained a few days, and associated with the Herons. Through this cause the bird escaped, as on more than one occasion, their timely warning saved him from an otherwise certain death.'

Babington (1884-86: 156) says: 'A single specimen seen in the winter of 1860-61 by the river between Snape and Slaughden.'

73). 1861 Norfolk Woodbastwick, adult female, shot, about 17th May.

(H. Stevenson, Zoologist 1861: 7646; H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Newman, 1866; Stevenson, 1870; Gurney, 1876; Yarrell, 1871-85).

History H. Stevenson of Norwich (1861) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. XIX. p. 7646, dated 10th June, 1861, says: 'About the same time [about the 17th of last month (May)] a fine old female Stork was killed at Woodbastwick. Solitary birds of this species are not very uncommon in our marshes, but the present example is perhaps worthy of record, since, on being skinned for preservation, it was found to contain an egg apparently ready for immediate extrusion, but a little cracked on one side, caused, most probably, by the fall of the bird when shot.'

H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: '...The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1861: an old female, killed at Woodbastwick, about May 17, which contained a full-sized egg, only slightly injured by the fall of the bird.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 181) adds: '...shot on the late Mr. Cutor's estate, at Woodbastwick, and is still, I believe, preserved at the hall. This bird contained an egg quite ready for exclusion, which was only slightly cracked on one side by the fall of the bird.'

Gurney (1876: 217) in a footnote, says: 'The Stork is a rare bird in Norfolk. In 1861 one paid a visit to the parish of Northrepps and alighted in a large marl-pit, now disused, and close to a public road. The keeper went after it and would certainly have shot it, but a boy put it up. The bird then flew to Woodbastwick, where it was killed. It contained an egg for exclusion (cf. B. of Norfolk, II. 181).'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 220, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds.

74). c. 1862 Kent Romney Marsh, adult, shot, undated.

(Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History Ticehurst (1909: 320) says: 'We next come to two previously unrecorded specimens, for information concerning which I am indebted to Mr. Thomas Daws, of Ewhurst, in Sussex....The second specimen, which through the kindness of Mr. Daws, is now in my collection, is also an adult bird. It was shot by William Wellstead at the same place, but some years later, about 1862, so far as Mr. Daws can recollect. Vaughan had in this instance only written his name on the case, but there is no doubt whatever that the bird was shot as stated, and the date is approximately correct.'

75). 1865 Norfolk Oby, adult male, killed, 24th May, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1954Z1.84).

("J.G.O." Field 3rd June 1865: 384; H. Stevenson, Field 17th June 1865: 420; Stevenson, 1870; Eds., Field 24th Sep., 1887: 486; A. H. Patterson, Zoologist 1900: 414; Watson, 2010).

History "J.G.O." (1865) in The Field of 3rd June, Vol. XXV. p. 384, says: 'A very fine adult specimen of the Stork (Ciconia alba) was shot on the 24th ult., by Mr. Taylor, on the marshes of Mr. Page, at Oby, a small hamlet about seven miles from Yarmouth. The occurrence of this bird on this coast is exceedingly rare, it being a great many years since one was seen; it was purchased by Mr. Overend, and is now in the hands of Mr. Carter, taxidermist.'

H. Stevenson of Norwich (1865) in The Field of 17th June, Vol. XXV. p. 420, says: 'Your correspondent J.G.O., in The Field of June 3, is evidently under the impression that this bird is a rarity on our eastern coast, as in recording a fine specimen killed on the 24th ult., at Oby, near Yarmouth, he speaks of its being "a great many years since one was seen".

This is quite a mistake, as the following list will show that it occurs very frequently, and in almost all cases falls a victim to its unsuspecting nature, being protected rather than persecuted in the countries whence it comes to us.

Sir Thomas Browne, some two hundred years ago, mentions it as seen occasionally in the marshes between Norwich and Yarmouth; but for my present purpose it is unnecessary to trace back its visits so far. The following are, however, most if not all the instances in which this bird has been taken in Norfolk during the last thirty years. 1838: one recorded by Mr. Lubbock as killed at Wrotham [sic]. 1842: a fine male obtained near Yarmouth, now in the Norwich Museum. 1848: one killed on Breydon. 1852: an immature bird in February, near Yarmouth; and an old bird on Breydon about March 15. 1853: an adult specimen, also in the Norwich Museum, shot at Brooke in August 1855: on Oct. 3 I saw one myself in the Lakenham Marshes, near Norwich, sitting by a drain, with his red beak reposing on his breast, and though not far from the railroad on which I was travelling, it did not seem at all alarmed by the train. 1856: one shot in September at Pickenham, near Swaffham. 1860: an adult female at Hickling, on Nov. 29. 1861: an old female, killed at Woodbastwick, about May 17, which contained a full-sized egg, only slightly injured by the fall of the bird.

This is the last that has come under my notice until J.G.O.'s specimen in the present year; but I think I have sufficiently proved the White Stork anything but a rara avis in this country.'

Stevenson (1870 (2): 181) says: 'An adult bird, in Mr. Overend's collection at Yarmouth, which, was killed on the 24th May 1865, in some marshes at Oby, about seven miles from the coast.'

In an Editorial (1887) in The Field of 24th Sep., Vol. LXX. p. 486, they say: 'On the 12th inst. Messrs. Spelman sold by auction, at Norwich, the collection of Norfolk birds formed by Mr. H. Stephenson [sic], the well-known ornithologist.

Among the buyers were Mr. T. Southwell, representing the Norfolk and Norwich Museum, and Mr. Tuke, representing the Saffron Walden Museum. Among the principal lots sold during the day the following may be mentioned: adult White Stork taken at Oby, in May, 1885 [sic] £6.16s.6d. (Mr. Waters).'

A. H. Patterson (1900) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. IV. p. 414, says: 'One shot at Oby, May 24th, 1865 (Connop Catalogue).'

Watson (2010) in detailing the W. R. Lysaght collection in the Birmingham Museum lists this male specimen from Oby, Norfolk, obtained on 24th May 1865. It was sold on 16th June 1876 from the collection of J. G. Overend of Great Yarmouth, then sold again on 12th September 1887 from Henry Stevenson's collection at Scoulton, Norfolk, by W. W. Spelman, Brundall, Norfolk.

76). 1865 Sussex Hailsham, obtained, early August.

(W. Jeffrey, jun., Zoologist 1865: 9809; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History W. Jeffrey, jun., of Ratham, near Chichester (1865) in The Zoologist, 1st series, Vol. XXIII. p. 9809, says: 'August [1865]. On the 14th I saw a fine specimen of this rare British bird at Mr. Pratt's, Ship Street, Brighton. It had recently been killed near Hailsham, and sent to him for preservation.'

Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 319).

77). 1866 Sussex Near Eastbourne, seen, 17th to 18th April.

(J. F. Gottwaltz, Field 28th Apr., 1866: 359; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History J. F. Gottwaltz of Eastbourne (1866) in The Field of 28th Apr., Vol. XXVII. p. 359, says: 'On Tuesday, April 17, I observed in the marsh near this place a large strange bird in company with some herons.

On my return, on referring to Morris and Yarrell, I found the strange visitor must be the White Stork, in which opinion Mr. Doulton of this place, a good ornithologist, quite concurred, from my description of the bird. However, on Wednesday I went to look for him again (taking no gun). I soon found him, and had several excellent views of him at about ninety to a hundred yards off, and have no hesitation in saying it is the White Stork, the plumage and red beak and legs being exactly as Yarrell and Morris describe them.

The ground was too open to approach nearer, but the sun shining full on the bird gave me a capital view. He takes a short flight and soon settles again after being disturbed. I hear this morning from a friend that he spent the greater part of yesterday in trying to get a shot at the bird, but failed in getting nearer than seventy or eighty yards. I should add, that a shepherd told me he had observed the bird a day or two before I did, and that then there were two.

I have seen it in company generally with herons, which are common here. Thinking the above worth insertion.

Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 319).

78). 1866 Northumberland Prestwick Carr, seen, May.

(Hancock, 1874; Yarrell, 1871-85; Bolam, 1912; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83).

History Hancock (1874: 129) says: 'In May, 1866, I saw an example of the Stork at Prestwick Car; it was flying, at a considerable elevation, towards where I stood, accompanied by a friend. We concealed ourselves amidst the heather: the bird passed directly over our heads. I could distinctly see, aided by a small telescope, the outstretched head, the red of the beak and legs, and the black and white of the plumage. It settled by the margin of the Black Pool, in about one foot depth of water, at no great distance from where we lay concealed, and I had a good opportunity of examining it through my glass. It remained a few minutes, and then flew off in an easterly direction.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds.

Bolam (1912: 334) says: 'Hancock saw one at Prestwick Carr, in May, 1866.' Later, it was accepted locally (Galloway & Meek 1978-83) and (Kerr 2001) who erroneously dates it as occurring in 1886.

79). 1866 Greater London St Paul's Cathedral, Middlesex, seen, 16th July; same, Terry's Saw Mills, Rotherhithe, shot, 17th July.

("A Cockney Naturalist" Field 21st July 1866: 42; Glegg, 1935; Self, 2014).

History "A Cockney Naturalist" (1866) in The Field of 21st July, Vol. XXVIII. p. 42, says: 'On my way into the city last, at 8.45 a.m., per steamboat, my attention was attracted by seeing a large bird wheeling round the dome of St Paul's. Its flight was slow and almost aquiline, but as it turned I fancied that I could see the long legs and bill of a heron, and distinguish a grey plumage with a large patch of white somewhere about the wings; but the air was not very clear and I could not make it out very well. It seemed much larger than a heron, and neither white nor black enough for a White or Black Stork.

It finally settled out of my sight on the dome, but immediately rose again and flew off eastwards. As many must have seen it from the street, perhaps some one will enlighten.'

[We have no doubt that the bird seen by our correspondent was a White Stork, Ciconia alba, the same individual that was shot on Tuesday night on the top of a tall chimney at Terry's Saw Mills, Rotherhithe. The bird, which was in splendid adult plumage and condition, received two charges of shot before it fell. It is now being preserved by Mr. Coles, Naturalist, Bridges Street, Covent Garden, and may be seen by anyone wishing to inspect this novel addition to the fauna of the metropolis. It appears a pity that this beautiful bird is not protected in this country as on many parts of the Continent. It is but an ill requital for its confidence to receive it with a charge of shot. - Ed.]

Glegg (1935: 108) placing the record in square brackets, says: 'A probable White Stork was seen flying round St Paul's...One was shot at Rotherhithe the next day.'

Comment Glegg doesn't think they are one and the same, however, the two sites being about a mile away, I do and accept it, also accepted for the Greater London area (Self 2014).

80). 1867 Cumbria Windermere Lake, shot, late January.

(Carlisle Journal 1st Feb., 1867; Westmoreland Gazette 2nd Feb., 1867; Macpherson, 1892; E. Blezard, Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society 6: 79).

History In the Carlisle Journal dated 1st February, 1867, it is reported that 'A large and beautiful specimen of the Stork, in fine plumage, was recently shot on Windermere Lake by Thomas Fleming, of Ecclerigg. It measured 4 ft. 4 in. in height, 5 ft. 5½ inches across the wings, weight 4¼ lbs.'

In the Westmoreland Gazette 2nd February, 1867, it adds: 'The bird was purchased by J. M. Gresley, Esq., Bradford, and is now in the skilful hands of Mr. W. Raws, Rydal, for preservation.'

Macpherson (1892: 230-231) says: 'By the kindness of Colonel Macdougall, I am able to state positively that a White Stork was killed in Westmoreland early in the year 1867....The late Thomas Fleming has been dead for some years. He was a keen sportsman and a good shot. Colonel Macdougall knew him well, and has interviewed his son and many other local residents. This gentleman finally summarises the result of his inquiries in a single sentence: "There can be no doubt about the shooting of the White Stork at Windermere Lake". The fact is that a great many people saw the bird, because it was exposed in the flesh in the shop of a man named Green, then a butcher in Windermere.'

81). 1868 Suffolk Aldeburgh, washed ashore dead, about 15th November.

(A. Clarke-Kennedy, Zoologist 1869: 1699; Babington, 1884-86; Ticehurst, 1932).

History Alexander Clark-Kennedy of Little Glemham (1869) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. IV. p. 1699, dated January, 1869, says: 'November. A Common Stork was washed up by the tide near the same place about the 15th, but the man who found it did not know its value, and by the time he had discovered that it was a rare species it was in a state of decomposition.'

Babington (1884-86: 157) adds: '...found near the Aldeburgh Lifeboat house.' It was accepted locally (Ticehurst 1932).

Comment It would appear it was not long dead, and supposedly had died in British waters.

82). 1869 Yorkshire Withernsea, adult, shot, early September, now at Hull Museum.

(J. Cordeaux, Zoologist 1869: 1946; Cordeaux, 1872; Clarke & Roebuck, 1881; Yarrell, 1871-85; Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History J. Cordeaux of Great Cotes (1869) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. IV. p. 1946, dated 19th October, 1869, says: 'Mr. Richardson saw at Mr. P. Lawton's, innkeeper, Easington, a White Stork, which was shot near Withernsea, early in September, by a man named Crawforth.'

Clarke & Roebuck (1881: 51) say: 'Withernsea, one, mature, Sept., 1869, in the collection of Mr. P. W. Lawton, of Easington (Cordeaux, Birds of Humber, p. 106).'

Nelson (1907 (2): 404-405) says: 'On 25th September 1869, a White Stork was seen flying round Easington Church, where it was shot at and its leg broken. It was afterwards killed near Withernsea by Mr. Crawforth, and preserved by Mr. Philip Loten of Easington. The specimen, which is in mature plumage, is now in the Hull Museum.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 220, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds and accepted locally (Mather 1986).

83). 1871 Kent Romney Marsh, shot, 18th March.

(J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1871: 2643; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History J. H. Gurney, jun. (1871) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. VI. p. 2643, undated, says: 'On the 18th of March (as I learn from Mr. Gasson) a White Stork was shot by Mr. Hearsfield at a low swampy place near Lydd, in Kent, called "Fairfield Brack", within forty rods of where a Black Stork was shot fifteen years ago (Zool. 5160). These birds were preserved by Mr. G. Jell, who on the 10th of May, sent to me a White Stork in the flesh, which was killed about the 8th, by Mr. James Lording, in the parish of Midley, also close to Lydd. It was walking about in a field quite away from any water, and four or five miles from the sea.'

Accepted locally (Ticehurst 1909: 320; Harrison 1953).

84). 1871 Kent Between Lydd and Brookland, adult, killed, 8th or 9th May.

(J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1871: 2643; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History J. H. Gurney, jun. (1871) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. VI. p. 2643, undated, says: '...These birds were preserved by Mr. G. Jell, who on the 10th of May, sent to me a White Stork in the flesh, which was killed about the 8th, by Mr. James Lording, in the parish of Midley, also close to Lydd. It was walking about in a field quite away from any water, and four or five miles from the sea.'

Ticehurst (1909: 321) adds: 'Mr. Gurney informs me the specimen is in his collection.'

85). 1871 Norfolk Breydon Water, seen, 24th May.

(Booth, 1881-87).

History Booth (1881-87 (2): unpaged) says: 'On the 24th May 1871, a single bird pitched on Breydon mudflats, soon after sunrise, within about eighty yards of one of my puntsmen who was stationed near "the lumps". I happened to be some distance further west at the time, and though the man did his best to attract our attention, the glare of the rising sun and its reflection on the wet mud rendered his signals unintelligible. After remaining for about half an hour on the flats and feeding up to fifty or sixty yards of his punt, the bird was alarmed by a shot, and at once made off, flying due east; as far as I was able to ascertain, this Stork was not noticed again in the same district.'

Comment "The lumps" is on the North side of Breydon Water.

85). 1872 Sussex Near Eastbourne, shot, 20th April.

(B. Bates, Field 27th Apr., 1872: 388; Field 7th June 1873: 545; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History B. Bates (1873) in The Field of 7th June, Vol. XLI. p. 545, says: 'A White Stork was shot at Eastbourne on April 20.' Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 319).

87). 1873 Leicestershire & Rutland West Leigh, Narborough Road, Leicester, shot, 6th March.

(T. Macaulay, Midland Naturalist 1882: 77-78; M. Browne, Zoologist 1886: 198; Hickling, 1978; Fray et al., 2009).

History Thomas Macaulay of Kibworth (1882) in the Midland Naturalist, Vol. V. pp. 77-78, under 'The Birds of Leicestershire', says: 'When the fens were fens, this bird was not an infrequent visitor, but that a specimen should be found straying on the outskirts of the town of Leicester, as late as 1873 is somewhat remarkable. The bird was shot at West Leigh on March 6th in the above year, and is now in the Leicester Museum.'

Montagu Browne (1886) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. X. p. 198, says: 'Another specimen of this bird was shot at West Leigh, Narborough Road, on March 6th, 1873, and was presented to the Museum, where it still remains, by Mr. Archibald Turner.'

Accepted locally (Fray et al. 2009).

88.0). 1873 Suffolk Leiston, seen, 21st May; also in Norfolk.

(G. T. Rope, Zoologist 1873: 3580; M. C. Cooke, Hardwicke's Science Gossip 1873: 160-161; G. T. Rope, Field 7th June 1873: 545; Babington, 1884-86).

History G. T. Rope of Leiston (1873) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. VIII. p. 3580, and in The Field of 7th June, Vol. XLI. p. 544, says: 'For the last day or two we have had a rare visitor in our marshes, in the shape of a White Stork (Ciconia alba): he is a most conspicuous object, and may be seen from a great distance. We watched him yesterday (May 21st) for a long time, with a good glass: he appears to be in good plumage, and is very wary, not allowing us to get at all near him.

When flying he was followed and mobbed by some Peewits, which evidently looked upon him as a most unwelcome intruder. As there happened to be a Heron on the wing nearly at the same time, we had a good opportunity of comparing the flight of the two birds: the stork looked the larger of the two, and his wings appeared to be longer and less rounded than that of the Heron: the different manner of carrying the head was also very striking; it was poked out in front of the bird, but not stretched out so straight as that of a swan in flying.'

M. C. Cooke, Editor (1873) in Hardwicke's Science Gossip, Vol. IX. pp. 160-161, quotes the same story.

Babington (1884-86: 156) says: 'One seen at Leiston in the marshes, May, 1873, too wary to be approached (G. T. Rope, Zool., s.s. 3580).'

Comment This individual was presumably the same one as shot at Hickling Broad in June, 1873.

88.1). 1873 Norfolk Breydon Water, seen, 3rd June; same, Rush Hills, Hickling Broad, male, shot, 5th June, now at Booth Museum, Brighton; same as Suffolk.

(H. Stevenson, Zoologist 1873: 3712; J. G. Overend, Field 14th June 1873: 586; H. Stevenson, Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society 1: 82; Booth, 1876; Babington, 1884-86; Patterson, 1905).

History Henry Stevenson of Norwich (1873) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. VIII. p. 3712, says: 'June, 1873. White Stork. A fine bird was shot at Potter Heigham, near Yarmouth, on the 5th, no doubt the same recorded in The Field, about that time, as observed in the adjoining county.' Henry Stevenson (1869-74) in the Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society, Vol. I. p. 82, says: 'A fine bird was shot at Potter Heigham, near Yarmouth, on the 5th of June, probably the same which had been seen shortly before in the adjoining county.'

Booth (1876: 64) says: 'White Stork. Case No. 70. I suppose it is best to tell the truth at once and confess that my knowledge of the above species (from personal observation) is confined to the single individual in the case.

This bird had, I believe, been noticed for some days in Suffolk before he made his appearance in Norfolk. I first received word of his arrival from a carrier, who, while on the road from Yarmouth to Hickling, observed him fly in from the sea and pitch in the marshes near the coast. Here he was speedily discovered by some Peewits and Rooks and after continued buffetings driven further inland. On searching the ground on the following day, I met with no success.

A week later, however, I saw him rise from a marsh at Potter Heigham and attack a Heron that was attempting to settle near his quarters. As he pitched in a reed-bed close to a dike I had not the slightest difficulty in approaching within gun-shot. Although he had been (as I afterwards learned) for a couple of days in a country abounding with frogs and other suitable food, there was nothing except a few large spiders in the stomach.

The Hickling keeper, who had shot one about thirty years previously, informed me that it had been feeding voraciously on young pike which it had captured on some flooded marshes. The specimen was shot on Rush Hills near Potter Heigham in Norfolk in June, 1873.'

Booth (1881-87 (2): unpaged) says: 'The specimen in my collection had been, I believe, noticed for some days in Suffolk before he made his appearance in Norfolk.

I first received word of his arrival from a carrier, who, while on the road from Yarmouth to Hickling, observed the bird fly in from the sea and pitch in the marshes near the coast: here he was speedily discovered by some Rooks and Peewits and, after continued buffetings driven further inland.

On searching the ground on the following day I met with no success, and it was not till a few days later I learned he had been seen in the neighbourhood of Hickling. On reaching the broad and examining the shores with the glasses, I could find no signs of the bird, and the hill to which I considered it most likely he would make his way was tenanted by some hundreds of Rooks quietly resting on the bushes or feeding on the marsh.

These birds seldom allow a conspicuous stranger to alight in their immediate vicinity without at once making a noisy attack; and while watching in order to ascertain if any of their number exhibited signs of excitement, I remarked a Heron that was flying across the hill wheel round and attempt to settle in a thick bed of sedge. Before he had time to alight, the Stork rose on wing, and making a most savage attack on the Heron, forced him with loud screams to alter his course.

After driving off the intruder, the Stork took up his position on the banks of a dyke then drawing up within range of the punt-gun, we stopped the boat and waited quietly to watch his movements. At last he flapped some twenty yards out to a shallow pool of water on "Rush Hills", where he remained for an hour at least, stalking and pecking on the mud: as the direction in which he moved was taking him out of range of the shoulder-gun, and the punt-gun was useless on account of the narrow dyke up which we had worked, I was forced to make sure of him, and he fell, shot through the neck, to a charge of No. 3. On examination the bird proved to be a male in full plumage; although he had been (as I afterwards learned) for a couple of days in a country abounding with frogs and other suitable food, there was nothing except a few large spiders in his stomach.

The Hickling keeper, John Nudd, also had shot one about thirty years previously on Breydon marshes, near Horsey Mere, informed me that it had been feeding voraciously on young pike of five or six inches in length, captured on some flooded ground. He stated that when he shook the bird to dry its plumage a score at least of these small fish dropped from its beak.'

John G. Overend of Great Yarmouth (1873) in The Field of 14th June, Vol. XLI. p. 586, dated 11th June, says: 'A White Stork was shot on the 5th inst. at Potter Heigham, about eleven miles from Great Yarmouth, and it is not unlikely that it was the same bird which was seen by Mr. Rope near Leiston, Suffolk, as recorded in last weeks Field. It had been in the neighbourhood of Potter Heigham for some days, and was observed on Breydon Flats on Monday, the 3rd inst. The last White Stork of which I have any knowledge was shot in this district on May 24, 1865, and is in my own collection.'

Patterson (1905) says: 'This bird arrived in off the sea in between Yarmouth and Hickling in June 1873 and landed on the marsh, it was attacked by the Lapwings Vanellus vanellus and Rooks Corvus frugilegus and continued inland. A week later it was relocated near Potter Heigham and Mr. E. T. Booth shot it as it rose.'

Babington (1884-86: 156) says: 'One shot about May 1873, supposed to be the bird seen rather earlier at Leiston (G. T. Rope MS.).'

Comment It is now in the Booth Museum, Brighton. 3rd June was a Tuesday!

89). 1873 Sussex Race Hill, Brighton, two, shot, 6th September.

(Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Borrer (1891: 323) says: 'As I knew that two Storks had been killed near Brighton, I wrote to Messrs. Brazenor, of the Lewes Road, who preserved them, and received the following reply from his son: - "The two Storks you ask about were bought by my father, and are now in the Brighton Museum. They were killed on the Race Hill by the late Mr. Richardson at one shot, on September 6th, 1873. They were in a very exhausted state, and allowed a very near approach. There is no doubt they were genuine wild birds, for although a notice of their being killed was published in many papers, we never heard of any having escaped from confinement".'

Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 319).

Comment Brazenor Bros, taxidermists, of Brighton were known to buy specimens from Leadenhall Market for stuffing (J. M. Collinson, British Birds 105: 325-331). Gurney when reviewing old records also stated that the observer/shooter always appeared to have just passed away, and therefore, no means of corroborating the story.

91). 1874 Northumberland Scremerston, shot, 10th June, now at Berwick Museum.

(J. Scott, Field 4th July 1874: 2; E. Newman, Zoologist 1874: 4199; J. Scott, History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 7: 180; Yarrell, 1871-85; Evans, 1911; Bolam, 1912; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83).

History J. Scott of Berwick-on-Tweed (1874) in The Field of 4th July, Vol. XLIV. p. 2, says: 'It may interest some of your readers to know that a White Stork (Ciconia alba) was shot on the 10th of this month at Scremerston, a place three miles south of Berwick-on-Tweed. The bird was first sighted inland about three miles, but was eventually shot quite close to the sea. It is a full-grown specimen, 3 ft. 8 in. long, fully 7 ft. in expanse of wing, and stands over 3 ft. high. His plumage is white, with the exception of the great wing coverts, the secondaries, and tertiaries, which are black; beak and legs red. It is not in first-rate plumage. It is preserved for the Berwick Museum.'

Edward Newman, Editor (1874) in The Zoologist, 2nd series, Vol. IX. p. 4199, quoting from The Field in the October 1874 issue, says: 'A White Stork, in very indifferent condition, was shot on the 10th of June at Scremerston, three miles from Berwick-on-Tweed: its dimensions are given in The Field of July 4th.'

John Scott (1873-75) in the History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, Vol. VII. p. 180, says: 'A rare bird in this district was first sighted on Robertson's farm of Prior House, on the 10th of January, 1874. It was followed from this farm to Heathery Tops and thence to Scremerston farm, where it was overtaken by James Barnes (overseer of Scremerston colliery), and shot in the leg and very slightly in the body. The bird was then captured, and discovered to be a White Stork (Ciconia alba).

The capture came to the notice of the secretary of the museum, who, after some little negotiation, secured it for the collection in Berwick. The bird is fully grown, and measures upwards of 4 feet in length, 7 feet in expanse of wings, and stands 2 feet 11 inches in height. The bill is 8½ inches in length; the tarsus measures 10½ inches; and the bare part above the knee, 5 inches. The plumage is entirely white, with the exception of the great wing coverts, the secondaries, and tertiaries, which are black; the beak and legs are red.'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds.

Evans (1911: 144) says: 'One in the Berwick Museum, was seen near Prior House and Heathery Tops in Northumberland, and finally shot on the farm of Scremerston Borewell, on January 10th, 1874, close to the present writer's residence.'

Bolam (1912: 334) says: 'One now in the Berwick Museum, was killed at Scremerston, after having been first sighted on Prior House farm, and followed thence over Heathery Tops, on 10th January, 1874. (John Scott, Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, Vol. VII. p. 180).'

Accepted locally (Galloway & Meek 1978-83) but (Kerr 2001) makes no mention of this record.

Comment June or January?

92). 1875 Sussex Pevensey Level, seen, spring.

(Booth, 1881-87; Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Booth (1881-87 (2): unpaged) says: 'Early in the spring of 1875 he received notice from a "Looker" in Pevensey Level that a strange white bird, with black wings and red beak and legs, had taken up its quarters near the coast, having repeatedly been seen in the neighbourhood of the "pells". Having little doubt that the unknown must he a White Stork, and not being in need of a specimen, I despatched a servant who was acquainted with the species to gain information before starting myself. While on his way across the marshes, the man clearly identified the bird winging its way towards the Channel, and turned back at once to report the result of his journey. I made no attempt to secure this specimen, and, to the best of my knowledge, it was not seen again on that part of the coast.'

Borrer (1891: 324) says: 'Mr. Booth, in his 'Rough Notes', says that early in the spring of 1875 he received notice from a "Looker" (a Sussex term, signifying a person employed in the marshes to look after the cattle) that a strange white bird had been seen about the "Pells" in Pevensey Level; that he sent a servant acquainted with the Stork to find out what it was; and that, in crossing the marshes, he saw and clearly identified it, as it was flying towards the Channel, and it was not seen or heard of again.'

Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 319).

93). 1875 Northamptonshire Courteenhall, six, seen, summer.

(Lilford, 1895; http://www.northamptonshirewildlife.co.uk/npton/sys1.htm).

History Lord Lilford (1895 (2): 133-134) says: 'I give this bird a place in these Notes without any hesitation on the authority of Sir Hereward Wake, who, if my memory serves me correctly, originally told me in 1876 of the occurrence, and on my request for further details, wrote on July 11, 1887, in the following words: - "As to the Storks, I can only repeat what I told you at the time; one summer evening I caught sight of a small flock of very large birds flying over my Park (at Courteenhall), whose flight was quite strange to me; I forget the exact number at this distance of time, but there were either seven, or eleven, not more anyhow; they were some 500 yards away, flying across; presently they turned up over some trees, and the sun caught them, with a background of dark cloud, I then distinctly saw that their plumage was black and white, and I caught a glint of red beaks and legs, their size was larger than that of our Common Heron, and by a process of exhaustion I rapidly arrived at the conclusion that they must be Storks; in fact, I called the attention of the people with me to them by saying "Look! look! there is a flock of Storks!" and no one suggested that there was any doubt about it".

Mr. W. Tomatin in a letter bearing date December 2, 1888, writes: - "In the summer of, I believe, 1875, I saw six White Storks high up in the air one evening, flying in the direction of Courteenhall from Northampton. I told Sir H. Wake, Bart., of the circumstance a day or two afterwards, and he told me that he happened to be standing in the front of his house, looking towards Northampton, when he saw them, and he was certain they were not Herons, of that I am also certain". The above is the only approximate date given by either of my correspondents, "the time" mentioned by Sir Hereward referring only to that of his first mention of the occurrence to me.'

99). 1877 Norfolk/Suffolk Burgh, Suffolk, male, shot, 23rd May.

(H. Stevenson, Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society 2: 484; Allard, 1990).

History H. Stevenson (1874-79) in the Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society, Vol. II. p. 483, says 'A fine male of the White Stork was shot at Burgh, near Yarmouth, on the 23rd of May.'

100). 1877 Suffolk Leiston, seen, undated.

(Babington, 1884-86).

History Babington (1884-86: 156) says: 'Another seen there [Leiston] in 1877 (G. T. Rope MS.).'

101). 1878 Suffolk Waveney Marshes, Barsham, seen, 15th April.

(F. W. Tracy, Field 20th Apr., 1878: 460; H. Stevenson, Zoologist 1879: 155; Babington, 1884-86; Allard, 1990).

History F. W. Tracy of Beccles Rectory (1878) in The Field of 20th Apr., Vol. LI. p. 460, says: 'With two companions, I had the good fortune to see a Stork today (April 15). It was an adult bird, in fine plumage. When first seen it was standing in rather a crouching attitude, in a pool of water, with its back towards us, and about ninety or one hundred yards off. It then stood up, walked deliberately and without any appearance of alarm for a short distance, and rose. It circled round, and seemed inclined to settle again close by, but was attacked by a number of Rooks, and driven off eastwards. However, I am afraid it was not wise enough to leave the country altogether. It will probably be shot, by some "loafing gunner", as it seemed comparatively tame - decidedly tamer than herons are in this part of the country. I have once before seen a Stork in this county (Suffolk) - I think it was in 1873. It was afterwards shot near Potter Heigham, Norfolk. The Stork seen today was on the Waveney Marshes, at Barsham, near Beccles. Being so near, we had a very good view of it. The pure white and deep black of the plumage, and the bright red of the legs and bill showed out very clearly in the sunlight. It was a sight worth seeing.'

Accepted locally (Babington 1884-86: 156).

102). 1878 Yorkshire Carnaby, female, caught, 11th May.

(Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History Nelson (1907 (2): 405) says: 'In the Burton Agnes collection, formed by the late Sir Hy. Boynton, is a female example, captured at Carnaby, on 11th May 1878, by Mr. H. P. Robinson.' It was accepted locally (Mather 1986).

103). 1879 Essex Near Tillingham, two, shot, January.

("Chelmsford Chronicle" 31st Jan., 1879; Christy, 1890; Glegg, 1929; Hudson & Pyman, 1968; Cox, 1984; Wood, 2007).

History Christy (1890: 188) says: 'Two are reported to have been captured near Tillingham, in Jan. 1879 (Chelmsford Chronicle, Jan. 31).' Accepted locally (Hudson & Pyman 1968; Cox 1984; Wood 2007).

105). 1881 Isle of Wight Sandown, two, seen, 22nd June.

(A. H. Smith, Field 2nd July 1881: 39).

History Augustus H. Smith of Sandown (1881) in The Field of 2nd July, Vol. LVIII. p. 39, says: 'On June 22 two interesting travellers arrived at Sandown, viz., a pair of White Storks. It is seldom one has the opportunity of witnessing the actual arrival of any of our summer migrants, as most of them arrive during the night. They came steadily onwards until close to the cliffs, where for a time they were undecided what to do and where to go, and showed to great advantage, wheeling about, now rising high in the air, and again descending close to the water. At one time they came to within one hundred yards of where I was standing. At last they disappeared over the cliff towards the interior of the island, doubtless to fall victims to the first pot-hunter who may see them, as is too frequently the fate of our interesting feathered visitors.'

107). 1881 Dorset Party Meade Rails, Christchurch Harbour, male, killed, 29th July, now at Leicester Museum.

(Yarrell, 1871-85; A. P. Morres, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 21: 221; Kelsall & Munn, 1905; Clark, 2022).

History Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, says: 'Mr. E. Hart informs the Editor that he has one shot in Poole Harbour in July 1881.'

Kelsall & Munn (1905: 204) say: 'The male bird in the Hart collection was killed on 29th July, 1881.'

108). 1881 Suffolk Bawdsey Ferry, three, September.

(Ticehurst, 1932).

History Ticehurst (1932: 316) says: 'Only one record in September and that was at Bawdsey Ferry in 1881 when three were seen together.'

111). 1882 Wiltshire Codford, shot, 5th September.

(G. White, Field 14th Apr., 1883: 497; Yarrell, 1871-85; A. P. Morres, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 21: 221;Smith, 1887; Ticehurst, 1909; Buxton, 1981; Wiltshire Ornithological Society, 2007).

History G. White of Salisbury (1883) in The Field of 14th Apr., Vol. LXI. p. 497, says: 'Having read the correspondence about Mr. Astley's Storks, in which it appears that one of the two birds was killed near Gravesend in September last, and the other was supposed to have escaped to the Continent, I think it well to state that I received a White Stork on Sept. 5, 1882, which had just been shot at Codford, Wilts., and which may have been the missing bird.'

Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds, merely says: 'One has been killed near Salisbury.'

Smith (1887: 409-410) says: 'But the Rev. A. P. Morres is able to record quite a recent occurrence, as one was shot at Codford by Mr. Cole, of that parish, on a chimney-stack on his premises, on September 5th, 1882, and is now in that gentleman's possession.'

Ticehurst (1909: 321) says: 'With regard to this bird [1882 Kent], it is to be noted that, unlike the majority of the others, it is a bird of the year and was so tame that it allowed itself to be shot off the chimney of a house. It is not unlikely, therefore, that it was one of two tame birds that flew away in August of the same year from Chequers Court, near Tring, where they had lived for a short time in the aviaries of the Rev. Hubert D. Astley, who, indeed, suggested this probability in a subsequent number of The Field. It may also be pointed out that another reported at the same time from Wiltshire was quite probably Mr. Astley's second bird.'

Accepted locally (Wiltshire Ornithological Society 2007).

112). 1883 Norfolk Hickling Broad, pair, seen, May.

(Booth, 1881-87).

History Booth (1881-87 (2): unpaged) says: 'While gunning in the east of Norfolk, in June 1873, I fell in with a Stork in the Potter Heigham marshes round Hickling Broad, and not having obtained one previously, this individual was secured as a specimen. Though others were heard of none came under my notice again till, early one morning in May 1883, we saw a pair, in very glossy plumage on some marshy ground within a mile or two of the spot where I had shot one ten years previously.

Having no wish to obtain more specimens, I withdrew the punt a short distance in order to watch their actions; and both birds appearing more in need of rest than food, I gained but little information after patiently waiting for over an hour. I was unable to learn whether the strangers, had been noticed in the district; and it is probable that the large extent of marsh near which they were found had drawn their attention while flying over at some considerable height. Intending, if possible to renew my acquaintance again, I visited the spot later in the day, when it was discovered that both birds had taken their departure and no further tidings concerning their movements could be learned; on landing and examining the soft mud on which they had settled I ascertained that they had been busily engaged in searching for food before quitting the spot, having evidently stalked over a large extent of ground.

The keepers informed me that a pair made their appearance in this locality in the summer of 1882; after remaining some hours on the marsh they rose on wing to a considerable height, flying in large circles, and then headed straight for the coast.'

Comment The pair seen the previous year were not seen by an ornithologist, so are disregarded.

114). 1884 Co. Durham Morton Tinmouth, shot, 14th February.

(Fawcett, 1890; Temperley, 1951; Bowey & Newsome, 2012).

History Temperley (1951) says: 'Reported by J. W. Fawcett as shot on February 14th, 1884, at Morton Tinmouth, Gainford, by T. Robson.' It was accepted locally (Bowey & Newsome 2012).

115). 1884 Hampshire Laverstoke, six, seen, 23rd April.

(Kelsall & Munn, 1905; Clark & Eyre, 1993).

History Kelsall & Munn (1905: 205) say: 'Mr. W. F. Hall, writing on May 17th, says he also saw this flight of Storks [six] travelling towards the north-east from the Enborne Road, some few yards from the Rectory. The same flight was earlier in the day noticed at Laverstoke [Hampshire], where they were flying due north.'

Clark & Eyre (1993: 93) say: 'Five records within the county boundary were listed in K & M.'

Comment This would be included in the five records accepted by Clark & Eyre (1993). Also seen near Newbury, Berkshire, later in the day, but not accepted in the last two Berkshire avifaunas.

121). 1884 Dorset Poole Harbour, two, seen, April, later shot at Christchurch.

(Mansel-Pleydell, 1888; F. L. Blathwayt, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Society 55: 186; Prendergast & Boys, 1983; Green, 2004; Clark, 2022).

History Mansel-Pleydell (1888: 132, 2nd ed.) says: 'I am not aware that more than two specimens of this accidental visitor from the continent have been observed in Dorsetshire. These were seen in Poole harbour in April 1884, and I believe were subsequently shot at Christchurch.'

Admitted locally by F. L. Blathwayt (1934) in the Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Vol. LV. p. 186, under 'A Revised List of the Birds of Dorset', and still acceptable (Green 2004).

123). 1884 Norfolk Breydon Broad, female, shot, 3rd July, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1924Z18.3990).

(Allard, 1990; Watson, 2010).

History Allard (1990) says: 'The notorious Breydon gunner R. Fielding-Harmer writing in 1890 mentioned an individual that had been shot in the area in July 1884.'

Watson (2010) in detailing the R. W. Chase collection in the Birmingham Museum lists this specimen and quoting from his Notebooks adds that this female was shot by Mr. Everett of Cobholm Island, South Town, Gt. Yarmouth, just above "Rotten Eye" on Breydon Broad on 3rd July. It was feeding with several herons.

Comment "Rotten Eye" is on the northern side of Breydon.

124). 1884 Sussex Pevensey, two, one killed, late August.

(T. H. Nelson, Field 8th Nov., 1884: 632; T. H. Nelson, Zoologist 1884: 489; Yarrell, 1871-85; Borrer, 1891; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History T. H. Nelson of Redcar (1884) in The Field of 8th Nov., Vol. LXIV. p. 632, and in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. VIII. p. 489, says: 'Mr. Vidler, of Pevensey, near Hastings, has kindly sent me a specimen of the White Stork, Ciconia alba, killed during the latter part of August last. Mr. Vidler writes: - "There were two of the Storks, and they remained about the sea-shore for several days, but seemed very shy: at last one was shot by a coastguard; the other flew away inland, and was seen no more".'

Admitted by Howard Saunders (1884-85 (4): 221, 4th ed.) in Yarrell's British Birds.

Accepted locally (Borrer 1891: 324; Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 319).

126). 1885 Cornwall White Marsh, Lostwithiel, seen, November.

(Clark, 1906; Penhallurick, 1969).

History Clark (1906 (1): 339) in the Victoria County History of Cornwall, says: 'One seen by F. Nicholls on White Marsh, Lostwithiel, November, 1885.' Accepted locally (Penhallurick 1969).

127). 1887 Hampshire Bedhampton, seen, August.

(Kelsall & Munn, 1905; Clark, 2022).

History Kelsall & Munn (1905: 206) say: 'One at Bedhampton, August, 1887 (W. T. Pearce).' Clark (2022) erroneously states the year as 1877.

128). 1887 Hampshire Hayling Island, two, seen, September.

(Kelsall & Munn, 1905).

History Kelsall & Munn (1905: 206) say 'Two at Hayling, September, 1887 (W. T. Pearce).'

130). 1888 Yorkshire Off Peasholm, Scarborough, found dead in the sea, 8th April.

(W. E. Clarke, Naturalist 14: 169; R. P. Harper, Zoologist 1888: 269; J. Cordeaux, Zoologist 1891: 365; Nelson, 1907; Mather, 1986).

History Wm. Eagle Clarke of Leeds (1888) in the new series of The Naturalist, Vol. XIV. p. 169, dated 26th May, 1888, says: 'Mr. Frederick Boys writes me on the 24th inst. that a White Stork (Ciconia alba) was picked up recently near Scarborough.'

R. P. Harper (1888) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XII. p. 269, says: 'It may be worthy of notice that an example of the White Stork, Ciconia alba, occurred near Scarborough on April 8th. When first seen by a man named Cooper, who sent his dog for it, it was floating dead upon the sea near Peasholm. It proved to be a mature bird in good condition and plumage, but had unfortunately lost so many of the dorsal feathers as to render it useless for mounting as a specimen, and when it came under my observation some days later, decomposition was too far advanced to determine the sex by dissection. The wings have been preserved, and the cranium and sternum are being macerated.'

J. Cordeaux (1891) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XV. p. 365, says: 'One, a mature bird in good condition of plumage, was found, on April 8th, 1888, floating dead at sea off Scarborough (Zool., 1888, p. 269; Nat., 1888, p. 169).'

Nelson (1907 (2): 405) adds: 'The skull of this specimen is in the Museum of the York Philosophical Society.'

Accepted locally (Mather 1986).

131). 1888 Norfolk River Bure, Great Yarmouth, seen, 9th August; presumed same, seen, 17th November.

(F. Brind, Field 1st Sept., 1888: 316; O. V. Aplin, Zoologist 1888: 135).

History Frank Brind of Chelsfield, Kent (1888) in The Field of 1st Sept., Vol. LXXII. p. 316, says: 'I do not know if the White Stork is rare in England, but it may be of interest to some of your readers to learn that I saw one near Yarmouth on Aug. 9. I was yachting with a friend at the time. About seven o'clock a.m. we were anchored to the bank on the River Bure, about three miles out of Yarmouth, when we noticed a large bird, which we first took to be a heron, on a mudbank on the opposite side. It was about a hundred yards further down the river than we were, and, on looking more carefully at it, we found it was a Stork. We watched it for about ten minutes; then a wherry coming up frightened it away, and it flew off towards the coast. There can be no doubt that it was a White Stork, as we had plenty of time to watch it, and also saw it flying close to us. I have since heard that they are occasionally seen near Yarmouth.'

O. V. Aplin (1888) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XII. p. 135, says: 'A Stork was seen on the marsh on November 17th, but fortunately escaped.'

132). 1889 Highland Lundavra, Fort William, Lochaber, female, shot, 15th April.

(Harvie-Brown & Buckley, 1892; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953).

History Harvie-Brown & Buckley (1892: 119) say: 'A White Stork was shot by Ewen Cameron, farmer, Lundavra, seven miles west of Fort William. This locality lies in a small glen right over the ridge to the south of the Corran, and in Nether Lochaber district.

Mr. W. McLeay, Inverness, who received it in the flesh, gave Buckley the particulars. It is a female, and contained some eggs in the ovary which were as large as a bantam's. Mr. McLeay adds: "It is the first I ever saw which was killed in Scotland". Mr. Mcleay's letter is dated 18th April, which would make the date of capture the 15th April 1889. It was seen for several days before it was shot. After having been stuffed it was returned to Mr. Cameron, Lundavra, whose nephew, Mr. Ewen Cameron, shot it there on Mr. Cameron's farm.'

Accepted nationally for Scotland (Baxter & Rintoul 1953).

133). 1890 Yorkshire Mappleton, shot, 2nd August.

(G. Barchard, Field 9th Aug., 1890: 214; J. Cordeaux, Zoologist 1891: 365; B. B. Haworth-Booth, Naturalist 21: 327; Nelson, 1907).

History George Barchard of Skerlaugh, Hull (1890) in The Field of 9th Aug., Vol. LXXVI. p. 214, says: 'On Aug. 2 a Stork was shot from a chimney top at Mappleton, near Hornsea, on the east coast, by M. T. Ake. It measured across the wings from tip to tip 6 ft. 8 in., and weighing 8 lb. It was in good condition, but very dirty. Its last meal had been two water rats. To preserve it from utter destruction on the dunghill I got possession of it from Mr. Ake, but having no time to set it up myself, I passed it over to a friend of mine, Mr. J. Darley, taxidermist, 17, Dork Street, Hull, in whose possession it now is. Is not this a rare occurrence?'

J. Cordeaux of Great Cotes (1891) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XV. p. 365, says: 'On Aug. 2nd. 1890, a Stork was basely shot from a chimney-top at Mappleton, near Hornsea (The Field, Aug. 9th, 1890).'

B. B. Haworth-Booth of Hullbank Hall, near Hull (1895) in the new series of The Naturalist, Vol. XXI. p. 327, dated 10th August, 1895, says: 'White Stork (Ciconia alba) shot on the top of a barn in Mappleton, Holderness, May, 1892. I have just heard that two White Storks were lately shot by the gamekeeper at Chesterford Park, Essex.'

Nelson (1907 (2): 405) adds: 'This specimen, which became the property of Mr. Haworth-Booth of Rowleston Hall, measured six feet eight inches across the wings and weighed eight pounds.'

Comment Haworth Booth appears to have mixed up the year of his specimen. The Essex birds appear not to have been recorded. Hearsay being unworthy of a record.

134). 1891 Norfolk Near Cley-next-the-Sea, seen, 19th to 20th August.

(Pashley, 1925).

History Pashley (1925) says: '1891. August 19th. Mr. H. A. Bishop saw a White Stork being "mobbed" by gulls; it was seen by another observer next day on Wiveton marshes, and went away in a westerly direction.'

135). 1892 Sussex Portfield, near Chichester, three, seen, spring.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 319) says: 'During the spring of 1892, Mr. H. L. Guermonprez informed me, three White Storks put in an appearance at Portfield, near Chichester.'

138). 1892 Norfolk Great Yarmouth, seen, 26th June.

(A. H. Patterson, Zoologist 1900: 414; Patterson, 1905; Allard, 1990).

History A. H. Patterson of Great Yarmouth (1900) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. IV. p. 414, says: 'A tired-out individual was seen resting on a housetop, June 26th, 1892.' Later, Patterson (1905) says: 'A wing-weary straggler came over on 26th June 1892, and straight away made for the chimney of a house not far from the Marine Parade, where it went soundly asleep.' It was accepted locally (Allard 1990).

139). 1892 Sussex Near Brighton, shot, 5th September.

(J. E. Harting, Field 24th Sep., 1892: 473; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History J. E. Harting (1892) in The Field of 24th Sep., Vol. LXXX. p. 473, says: 'During the first week of September it would appear that a pair of Storks left their birthplace in Holland to spend an autumn holiday in England, never doubting but that English humanity would afford them as much protection as they had been accustomed to receive at the hands of their Dutch friends. Alas! never was confidence more misplaced.

Separated by a gale, and losing sight of each other, one sought shelter in Hamford Water, at the mouth of the Stour, and wandering up that river, was shot by a gunner at Mistley, who was evidently proud of this wanton act, for it was chronicled in the East Anglian Daily Times of Sept. 14. The other, the male bird, approaching the northern coast of Kent, perhaps somewhere near Whitstable, struck inland in search of some quiet resting-place, and, passing across country to Brighton, was shot at Kemp Town on Sept. 5, as reported in the Brighton Herald of the 10th inst.

This unfortunate termination to a visit to England furnishes another illustration of the hateful, and apparently irrepressible, practice which some people indulge in of shooting every uncommon bird they see and get near. To a naturalist nothing is more vexatious....'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 319) says: 'On the 5th September an example was killed above Brighton, as I learnt from Miss M. Robinson.'

Comment The Mistley, Essex individual was an escapee from Holland. But one cannot say that this was its mate.

140). 1896 Warwickshire Beacon Hill, near Coleshill, immature male, caught, 26th to 29th September when it died.

(F. Coburn, Zoologist 1896: 385-386; Norris, 1947; Harrison et al., 1982; Harrison & Harrison, 2005).

History F. Coburn of Birmingham (1896) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XX. pp. 385-386, says: 'On Sept. 26th, the week of the furious south-westerly gales, a young male Ciconia alba was brought to me alive. It had been captured at Beacon Hill, near Coleshill, Warwickshire, by a labouring man, who stated that he saw two Storks in a field. His dog rushed towards them, when one flew away; the other defended itself from the attack of the dog, while so engaged the man approached and seized the bird.

He clumsily cut the primaries of one wing to prevent its escape. It was afterwards put into a dirty sack with a hole large enough for its head to come through, consigned to a carrier, and in this condition poor Ciconia alba reached me nearly dead. It refused to take bread in any form.

After a time, however, I induced it to take the bodies of small birds and strips of lean beef. Fat it did not like, and shook and munched a strip of meat which was half fat and lean until the fat was removed. It munched the bodies of the birds between its mandibles, commencing always at the tail end and finishing at the head; when it seemed satisfied that it had broken all bones and killed its prey it was swallowed, always head first.

It did not discover that a large basin contained water until I threw a bird's body in; the splash caused it instantly to seize at the body, but when it found its bill was in water it loosed the body and drank eagerly, expanding its gular sac and scooping the water down its throat. After satisfying its thirst it manifested its pleasure by standing in the basin on one leg, looking exceedingly droll.

After it had become somewhat accustomed to me and its surroundings, and had had plenty of food, it became playful with some of the food I gave it, as a cat would play with a mouse, and while munching the body of a bird made a clattering noise with its bill. It seemed much puzzled at the number of stuffed birds in the cabinets by which it was surrounded, and seemed glad to get away from them. It particularly singled out and seemed frightened at a large Herring Gull which was on the ground floor of one of the cabinets.

On the fourth day of its captivity I noticed that it was much out of condition, and next morning I found it dead. I am afraid there may have been something on some of the bodies from my work-rooms which did not agree with it.

The post mortem revealed a shot-wound along the neck, which had torn the skin but not entered the flesh. On the same side of the bird a shot had struck the base of the wing, but had not splintered the bone; the end of the same wing also appeared to have been struck by a shot.

From these appearances I conclude that the bird had been shot at from below at a long range and struck, but not with sufficient force to bring it down at once. Eventually it alighted, and its companion would have remained with it until it regained full use of its wing, but they were discovered by the man who captured it. I do not think there is anything improbable in the man's story.

Garner has recorded the occurrence of Storks in the neighbouring county of Stafford in his day; while Mr. Willis Bund has noticed their appearance in Worcestershire and Oxfordshire; this, however, is the first record for Warwickshire.

The bird is quite a young one, with dull-coloured bill and legs, a frosty white appearance on the black feathers of the wings, and dark centres to the feathers of the back and scapulars.'

Accepted locally (Norris 1947; Harrison & Harrison 2005).

141). 1897 Sussex Colgate, near Horsham, picked up dead, 18th August.

(C. J. Marten, Knowledge 1897: 240; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Chas. J. Marten of Horsham (1897) in Knowledge, Vol. XX. p. 240, says: 'On August 18th last a fine male specimen of the White Stork (Ciconia alba), an irregular visitor to Great Britain, was picked up dead on New Barn Farm, Colgate, about four miles north-east of Horsham. It was found to have been shot, but must have escaped from the gunner only to die of its wounds. It has been preserved by Mr. A. Richardson, of Park Street, Horsham, where it can now be inspected.'

Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 319) says: 'On August 18th, 1897, a specimen, which bore shot-wounds, was picked up dead at Colegate, four miles to the north-east of Horsham (C. J. Marten, Knowledge, 1897, p. 240).'

142). 1899 Sussex Bognor Regis, seen, 31st January.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 319) says: 'A member of the clan paid Bognor a visit unscathed on the last day of January, 1899 (H. L. Guermonprez, in litt.).'

143). 1899 Sussex Worthing, three, one shot, 15th April; presumed one of same, Broadwater Down, adult male, obtained, August.

(Millais, 1905; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History J. G. Millais (1905 (1): 287) in the Victoria County History of Sussex, says: 'The latest capture is that of an adult male taken on Broadwater Down, August, 1899.' However, Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 319) says: 'On April 15th, 1899, a trio visited Worthing and its environs, though of them one paid the penalty for its temerity on Tenantry Hill in the parish of Broadwater. Of this I was informed by Dr. H. Nicholls, who speedily made a notable acquisition for the Worthing museum. Millais (V.C.H., I. p. 287), I notice, gives August (without a day, incidentally) as the month of this bird's demise.'

146). 1900 Sussex Between Battle and Brede, seen, 13th March.

(W. L. Smith, jnr., Field 24th Mar., 1900: 405; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History W. Leigh Smith, jnr., of Westfield, Battle (1900) in The Field of 24th Mar., Vol. XCV. p. 405, says: 'On March 13 a White Stork (Ciconia alba) alighted in the marshland between Battle and Brede, and remained for some time stalking about the meadows, but at length flew off in the direction of Rye. I trust it will not fall a victim to some gunner of that ancient cinque port, but fear such a large and conspicuous bird has but a poor chance in these days.'

Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 319).

147). 1900 Gower Bishopston, three, one shot, May, now at National Museum of Wales, Cardiff (Z.1934.690).

(L. B. Potter, Field 19th May 1900: 694; T. W. Proger & D. R. Paterson, Transactions of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society 1900: 57; Grenfell & Thomas, 1982; Lovegrove, Williams & Williams, 1994).

History L. B. Potter of Bishopston (1900) in The Field of 19th May, Vol. XCV. p. 694, says: 'Three White Storks were observed in a field near here. One of them, unfortunately, was shot by a labourer, and is now in our possession.'

T. W. Proger & D. R. Paterson (1900) in the Transactions of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXXII. p. 57, say: 'Three of these birds were observed in May, 1900, in a field near Bishopston, in Gower: one of them was, unfortunately, shot by a labourer, and is now in the possession of Rev. L. B. Potter, Bishopston Rectory.'

Accepted nationally for Wales (Lovegrove, Williams & Williams 1994).

150). 1902 Isle of Wight Atherfield and Shorwell, adult, caught, 29th April, photo.

(R. Wadham, "Isle of Wight County Press" May, 1902; "C.J.M." Field 7th June 1902: 892; Kelsall & Munn, 1905; H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 1: 350; Morey, 1909).

History "C.J.M." (1902) in The Field of 7th June Vol. XCIX. p. 892, says: 'An adult White Stork (Ciconia alba) was recently captured in the Isle of Wight at Northcourt, Shorwell. It dropped amongst some cattle, which turned on it and broke its leg and wing. Eventually it was discovered and rescued, and, after amputating the wing at the pinion joint and putting the leg in splints, the bird is now doing well on the lawn at Northcourt, where it is fed on fish, frogs, snails, and dead birds.'

Kelsall & Munn (1905: 205) say: 'In the "Isle of Wight County Press", for May, 1902, Mr. Percy Wadham, of Newport, recorded the capture of one at Shorwell, in April, 1902. He informs us that it was shot by a man at Atherfield, on the 29th of April, and was evidently wounded, for later in the day it dropped exhausted in a field near Shorwell among some cattle, which turned on it, breaking its leg and wing. It was discovered and rescued, its damaged limbs were attended to, and it lived for some months afterwards.'

Admitted by H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1908) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 350, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899'.

R. H. Fox in Morey (1909: 515-516) says: '…This specimen was mounted by Mr. Wadham and photographed by Mr. Poole, and is here reproduced.'

151). 1905 Norfolk South Wooton, adult male, shot, 19th May.

("E.G.R." Field 9th Sep., 1905: 475; J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1906: 127; H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 1: 350; Allard, 1990).

History "E.G.R." (1905) in The Field of 9th Sep., Vol. CVI. p. 475, says: 'A specimen of the White Stork (Ciconia alba) was recently shot at North Wootten [sic] while on the wing flying in from the Wash. It was an old male bird in full plumage, and showed no sign of having been in captivity.'

J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1906) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. X. p. 127, says: 'May 19th. and on the same day a White Stork was unfortunately shot at South Wootton [sic], which is close to the Wash (Field).'

Admitted by H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1908) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 350, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899'.

152). 1905 Norfolk/Suffolk Breydon Water, seen, 2nd July.

(J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1906: 131; Allard, 1990).

History J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1906) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. X. p. 131, says: 'July 2nd. S.W., 3. A White Stork seen by Mr. Patterson on the mud-flats of Breydon; it was very restless, and soon passed on, happily more fortunate than the one at Wootton [sic]. Possibly both of them were released or escaped birds.'

153). c. 1907 Sussex Near Brighton, seen, undated; presumed same, shot later.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 320) says: 'Circa 1907 - I could wish a stricter observance of date - Mr. E. Pratt identified a Ciconia winging its way over Brighton and within a few days of the encounter received what was probably the same for preservation.'

154). 1909 Sussex Near Brighton, seen, February.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 320) says: 'Mr. E. Pratt informed me that in February 1909, he again viewed a White Stork over the same town [Brighton].'

155). 1909 Kent Romney Marsh, adult, seen, 19th July.

(C. B. Ticehurst, British Birds 3: 128; E. N. Bloomfield, Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist 1: 206, 207; Ticehurst, 1909; Harrison, 1953).

History C. B. Ticehurst (1909) in British Birds, Vol. III. p. 128, says: 'On July 19th I saw in Romney Marsh, in Kent, a fine adult White Stork (Ciconia alba). It was standing in some swampy ground, together with some Herons, and, when it rose, its red legs and bill showed up well as I watched it through the binoculars. It was very wild.'

[Although this may have been a perfectly wild bird, so many such birds are kept in semi-captivity without being pinioned, that records must now be received with caution. At Kew Gardens, for instance, the Storks have reared young, we believe, every year for a considerable time, and these, some of them several years old, fly about freely, and it is questionable if one would be missed should it fly away altogether. - H.F.W.]

E. N. Bloomfield (1909) in the Hastings & East Sussex Naturalist, Vol. I. pp. 206, 207, says: 'We are again indebted to Dr. N. F. Ticehurst for a long list of rare birds which have occurred in our own and neighbouring districts, to which Mr. Butterfield has made some good additions. In neighbouring districts - Ciconia alba, Bechst., White Stork, Romney Marsh, adult, July 19th.'

Accepted locally (Harrison 1953).

156). 1911 Cumbria Near Silloth, seen, 17th March.

(E. Blezard, Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society 6: 79).

History Ernest Blezard (1943) in the Transactions of the Carlisle Natural History Society, Vol. VI. p. 79, says: 'William Nichol saw a wanderer near Silloth, on the Cumberland Solway, on 17th March, 1911.'

157.0). 1911 Kent Romney Marsh, seen, March; also in Sussex.

(H. F. Witherby, British Birds 6: 324; W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 30: 187; Walpole-Bond, 1938; Harrison, 1953).

History H. F. Witherby (1913) in British Birds, Vol. VI. p. 324, says: 'A Stork (Ciconia c. ciconia) was seen on Romney Marsh in March, 1911, near Pevensey on April 9th, and at Littlehampton on May 6th.'

W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Editor (1912) in the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, Vol. XXX. p. 187, on the unexpected occurrences for 1911, says: 'A single bird seen in Romney Marsh (Kent) in March, and one (probably the same) near Pevensey (Sussex) on April 9th, and at Littlehampton (Sussex) on May 6th.'

Accepted locally (Harrison 1953).

157.1). 1911 Sussex Pevensey Levels, seen, 9th April; same, Littlehampton, 6th May; same as Kent.

(H. F. Witherby, British Birds 6: 324; W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 30: 187; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History H. F. Witherby (1913) in British Birds, Vol. VI. p. 324, says: 'A Stork (Ciconia c. ciconia) was seen on Romney Marsh in March, 1911, near Pevensey on April 9th, and at Littlehampton on May 6th.'

W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, Editor (1912) in the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, Vol. XXX. p. 187, on the unexpected occurrences for 1911, says: 'A single bird seen in Romney Marsh (Kent) in March, and one (probably the same) near Pevensey (Sussex) on April 9th, and at Littlehampton (Sussex) on May 6th.'

Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 320).

158). 1912 Norfolk Hickling Broad, seen, 26th April.

(J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1913: 170; Eds., British Birds 7: 122; S. H. Long & B. B. Riviere, Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society 9: 796).

History J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1913) in The Zoologist, 4th series Vol. XVII. p. 170, says: 'April 26th. A White Stork seen at Hickling. I hoped it escaped and passed on.'

In an Editorial (1913) in British Birds, Vol. VII. p. 122, this record was admitted.

Admitted by S. H. Long & B. B. Riviere (1914) in the Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society, Vol. IX. p. 796, under 'Additions to Part XI (Sixth List) 1909-13'.

159). 1915 Nottinghamshire Between Pilgrim Oak and Hutt House, seen, 12th April.

(Whitaker MS.).

History In Joseph Whitaker's personal copy of his Birds of Nottinghamshire (1907) kept at Mansfield Central Library, there are personal correspondence letters attached within, whereby one is recorded seen flying over the road between Pilgrim Oak and Hutt House on 12th April. The person had previous experience of the species abroad.

160). 1915 Norfolk Hickling Broad, seen, May.

(J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1916: 208).

History J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1916) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. XX. p. 208, says: 'During this month [May] a Stork and an Osprey was seen by Mr. Vincent, but the dates were not put down.'

161). 1916 Norfolk/Suffolk Burgh Castle Marshes, Suffolk, seen, late May; same, Reedham, seen, 2nd June.

(J. H. Gurney, jun., British Birds 10: 238; Ticehurst, 1932; Allard, 1990).

History J. H. Gurney, jun., (1917) in British Birds, Vol. X. p. 238, says: 'During the latter part of May a White Stork, as I learn from Mr. E. C. Saunders, frequented the Burgh Castle Marshes, and was again seen near Reedham up to June 2nd, but from another source I hear that it ultimately met its fate. The last occurrence was on April 26th, 1912, but it has always been a rare bird.'

162). 1916 Oxfordshire Port Meadow, seen, 15th October.

(F. C. R. Jourdain, British Birds 10: 273; Radford, 1966).

History F. C. R. Jourdain (1917) in British Birds, Vol. X. p. 273, says: 'On October 15th, 1916, Miss M. Price saw a White Stork (Ciconia c. ciconia) in Port Meadow, near Oxford. She first noticed it on the wing and saw it settle about a hundred yards away. It remained in view for about a quarter of an hour, during which time Miss Price and a friend who accompanied her had good opportunities of observing it, and noticing the differences between it and a Heron which was in sight at the same time. Miss Price is also familiar with the appearance of the Stork in Holland, so that there could be no possible mistake as to its identity. When last seen it was flapping slowly towards Wolvercote.'

Accepted locally (Radford 1966).

163). 1917 Oxfordshire Otmoor, two, May.

(W. B. Alexander, Report of the Oxford Ornithological Society on the Birds of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire 1947: 5; Radford, 1966).

History W. B. Alexander (1947) in the Report of the Oxford Ornithological Society on the Birds of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, p. 5, under 'A Revised List of the Birds of Oxfordshire', says: '...two on Otmoor in May 1917....'

Accepted locally (Radford 1966).

165). c. 1920 Kent Acol House, near Birchington, seen, spring.

(Harrison, 1953).

History Harrison (1953 (1): 112) says: 'Mr. C. S. Willett (in litt.) of Acol Farm, near Birchington, has informed me of a photograph of a White Stork perched on the chimney stack of 'Acol House', Acol. Mrs A. G. Miller, of Acol, the owner of the photograph informs me that at the time she was residing in 'Acol House' and puts the date as early 1920, or possibly 1921.

She was quite sure that it was after the 1914-18 war, and certainly not after 1921. One morning it was found dead in the sitting-room fireplace, having fallen down the chimney. It was buried in the garden. This is surely a genuine spring record.'

166). 1921 Northumberland Bamburgh, three, seen, 31st August.

(Bolam, 1932; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83; Kerr, 2001).

History Bolam (1932) says: 'Dr. E. Leonard Gill reported having seen three flying together off Bamburgh on August 31st, 1921.' Galloway & Meek (1978-83) say: 'On 31st August 1921 three were seen flying together off Bamburgh.'

It was accepted locally (Kerr 2001).

169). 1922 Northumberland Belford, seen, 10th May.

(Bolam, 1932; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83; Kerr, 2001).

History Bolam (1932) says: 'Abel Chapman and Mr. W. G. Watson saw one flying high over Belford on May 10th, 1922.' Galloway & Meek (1978-83) say: 'On 10th May 1922 one flew over Belford.'

Accepted locally (Kerr 2001).

170). 1922 Northumberland Embleton, immature, shot, late September.

(Anon., History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 25: 51-52; Bolam, 1932; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83; Kerr, 2001).

History Anon. (1925) in the History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, Vol. XXV. pp. 51-52, says: 'An immature specimen of the White Stork was shot near Embleton in the end of September 1922. It was first observed near the shore, and was followed almost to the village before being shot. It was stuffed by Fairbairn of Alnwick, and is now in the possession of Mrs. Humble, at Embleton. I am indebted for the details of this record to our member Mr. H. B. Herbert.'

Accepted locally (Bolam 1932; Galloway & Meek 1978-83; Kerr 2001).

171). 1922 Sussex East Preston, obtained, 7th October, had been ringed at Asfaerg, Denmark, 12th July, 1922.

(Eds., British Birds 20: 29; H. F. Witherby & E. P. Leach, British Birds 25: 175; Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History In an Editorial (1926) in British Birds, Vol. XX. p. 29, they say: 'In a paper dealing with the results of eight years marking of White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) in Denmark, P. Skovgaard (Danske-Fugle, 1926, 2, 57) states that a bird of this species was marked when young at Asfaerg, Denmark, in the summer of 1922, and was recovered at East Preston, Sussex, on October 7th, 1922.

The record has an added interest for British ornithologists in that occurrences of the species in this country have sometimes been thought not to refer to truly wild birds. It is one of several records indicating that some White Storks from Denmark, like those from western Germany, take a south-westerly direction in autumn. The remaining and more numerous records follow the south-easterly direction shown by the earlier work of Mortensen, this being also the direction followed by birds from the greater part of Germany and from Hungary as demonstrated by the results of Thienemann and of Schenk. (cf. Thomson's Problems of Bird-Migration, Chapter X.).

In the same number of the journal, Skovgaard gives the results of marking of Black Storks (Ciconia nigra) and Herons (Ardea cinerea) in Denmark. The Black Stork also shows migration in alternative directions, south-west and south-east. The records for the Heron, like those previously published by Mortensen and Saxtorph, show a south-westerly movement only.'

H. F. Witherby & E. P. Leach (1931) in British Birds, Vol. XXV. p. 175, admit this in their report on ringing recoveries.

Accepted locally (Walpole-Bond 1938 (2): 320).

172). 1924 Essex Near Braintree, seen, early March.

("Daily Mail" 12th Mar., 1924; W. E. Glegg, British Birds 18: 23-24; Glegg, 1929; Hudson & Pyman, 1968; Cox, 1984; Wood, 2007).

History W. E. Glegg (1924) in British Birds, Vol. XVIII. pp. 23-24, says: 'The "Daily Mail" of March 12th, 1924, contained a letter from Miss C. Olive de Home Vaizey of Braintree, Essex, stating that a Stork had been seen near her home.

On account of the importance of such a record I have corresponded with Miss Vaizey who kindly informs me that the bird was first seen, early in March, 1924, by her father who has some knowledge of birds and is certain of the species.

The bird frequented a cattle pond some three or four hundred yards from the garden of Maysent House and as the bird could be seen from this position no attempt was made to approach closer, so as to avoid scaring the bird. There were no cattle in the field and the public do not have access to it. The bird spent hours under the south side of a hedge near the road, pluming itself and sometimes standing in the water.

Miss Vaizey gives me the following description. "The beak appeared to be a reddish-yellow, the head and underparts white. The back slightly darker if anything and we could not see a black wing, nor were we near enough to identify properly the colour of the legs".

In a second letter, in reply to my questions, Miss Vaizey writes: "With regard to the black wing, we did not notice this at first, but afterwards observed a dark patch which was probably the wing". "The neck was carried outstretched".

On the information given me I feel justified in concluding that the bird seen was a White Stork (Ciconia ciconia).

In The Birds of Essex three occurrences of this species in the county are referred to, one mentioned by Yarrell as having been killed in 1852 but no locality given, and two reported to have been captured near Tillingham in January, 1879. The Tillingham record appears to be based entirely on the statement of the Chelmsford Chronicle.

In the Victoria County History Mr. Christy quotes only the latter record. Since the publication of the county ornithology I can trace only one occurrence of the White Stork in Essex, according to A Geographical Bibliography of British Ornithology, one being recorded in 1892.'

Accepted locally (Cox 1984; Wood 2007).

173). 1924 North-east Scotland Mintlaw, Aberdeenshire, adult male, shot, 2nd June.

(J. Ritchie, Scottish Naturalist 51: 147; Eds., British Birds 25: 307; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953; Phillips, 1997).

History James Ritchie (1931) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. LI. p. 147, says: 'I learn from Mr. Mutch, taxidermist, Aberdeen, that an adult male White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) was shot at Mintlaw, Aberdeenshire, on 2nd June 1924.'

In an Editorial (1932) in British Birds, Vol. XXV. p. 307, says: 'Prof. J. Ritchie states that a Phoenicopterus r. antiquorum was shot on the river Ythan on July 15th, 1931, and that a Ciconia ciconia was shot at Mintlaw on June 2nd, 1924 (Scot. Nat., 1931, pp. 140 and 147). These birds so frequently escape from captivity that it is impossible to accept them as genuine migrants. Prof. Ritchie remarks on the perfect plumage of the Flamingo.'

174). 1927 Norfolk/Suffolk Breydon Water, seen, 14th June.

(B. B. Riviere, British Birds 21: 249; Allard, 1990).

History B. B. Riviere (1928) in British Birds, Vol. XXI. p. 247, in the 1927 Norfolk Bird Report, says: 'White Stork (Ciconia c. ciconia). - On the afternoon of June 14th a White Stork arrived on Breydon, where it remained till dark. It appears to have left again during the night, for on the following morning it could not be found, and was not seen again.'

175). 1927 Clyde Symington, near Elvanfoot, Lanarkshire, seen, 20th July.

(Ardea 16: 134-135; F. C. R. Jourdain, British Birds 21: 231; E. V. Baxter & L. J. Rintoul, Scottish Naturalist 48: 108; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953).

History F. C. R. Jourdain (1928) in British Birds, Vol. XXI. p. 231, says: 'In the Dutch ornithological journal, Ardea, Vol. XVI. pp. 134-5 (1927), Heer Piet Lels states that while travelling on the Midland (L.M. & S.) Railway from Glasgow on July 20th, 1927, about half an hour's run south of Symington, he saw a White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) flying round in a wide grassy valley intersected with small watercourses or drains. When returning next day by the same route the bird was nowhere to be seen. Mr. H. S. Gladstone kindly informs me that in all probability the locality in question lies near Elvanfoot in Lanarkshire, the source of or confluence of the small streams which go to form the Clyde. By a slip of the pen in the heading of the original report it is described as in N.W. England. Heer Lels is familiar with the White Stork, which breeds in his garden in Holland, so it is unlikely that he was mistaken in his identification.'

Admitted by E. V. Baxter & L. J. Rintoul (1928) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. XLVIII. p. 108, in the annual report for 1927.

176). 1928 Oxfordshire Otmoor, seen, 5th May.

(B. W. Tucker, Report of the Oxford Ornithological Society on the Birds of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire 1928: 17; Eds., British Birds 24: 231; Radford, 1966).

History B. W. Tucker (1928) in the Report of the Oxford Ornithological Society on the Birds of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, p. 17, say: 'One seen on Otmoor by B.J.M. on May 5th. The bird was put up from the pond in the middle of the moor and flew away towards Noke.'

In an Editorial (1931) in British Birds, Vol. XXIV. p. 231, in a Review of the Report of the Oxford Ornithological Society on the Birds of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire 1928-29, they say: 'A White Stork was seen on Otmoor on May 5th, 1928.'

Accepted locally (Radford 1966).

177). 1929 Sussex Shoreham-by-Sea, three, seen, 19th August.

(Walpole-Bond, 1938).

History Walpole-Bond (1938 (2): 320) says: 'On August 19th, 1929, Mr. A. F. Griffith (in litt.) saw three of these birds at Shoreham, where some years previously one had been shot. This example was, I believe, presented to the Bramber Museum.'

180). 1930 Fair Isle No locality, seen, 4th to at least 6th April.

(G. Stout, Scottish Naturalist 50: 60; Eds., British Birds 24: 84; Baxter & Rintoul, 1953; Dymond, 1991).

History George Stout of Fair Isle (1930) in the Scottish Naturalist, Vol. L. p. 60, says: 'On 4th April a White Stork arrived and today (6th April) it is still here.' In an Editorial (1930) in British Birds, Vol. XXIV. p. 84, they say: 'One arrived on the island on April 6th (G. Stout, p. 60).'

181). 1930 Norfolk Eccles-on-Sea, seen, 10th May.

(B. B. Riviere, British Birds 24: 315; Seago, 1977).

History B. B. Riviere (1931) in British Birds, Vol. XXIV. p. 315, in the 1930 Norfolk Bird Report, says: 'A bird, identified as a White Stork, was seen to arrive from the sea at Eccles by Mr. Le G. Clark on May 10th (J. Vincent).'

182). 1931 Hampshire Near Southwick, summer to 5th March 1932 when killed.

(G. M. Mathews, British Birds 25: 362; Cohen & Taverner, 1972; Clark & Eyre, 1993).

History Gregory M. Mathews (1932) in British Birds, Vol. XXV. p. 362, says: 'During the summer of 1931 a White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) appeared at Southwick Village, and was apparently fired at, as it had a broken leg and a tipped wing. After it had been a week about the fields, a man killed the bird to put it out of its misery, it being very emaciated.

Thinking it was a Heron (Ardea cinerea) he tied it up in a tree as a scarecrow, where it remained all the winter till March 5th, 1932, when my friend, Mr. J. W. Stares, saw it, and asked for the body, which he brought to me. It may, of course, have been an escape from captivity, but there is no evidence of this.'

Accepted locally (Clark & Eyre 1993).

183). 1933 Sussex Between Tangmere and Chichester, two, seen, 28th April.

(E. M. Cawkell, British Birds 33: 83).

History E. M. Cawkell (1939) in British Birds, Vol. XXXIII. p. 83, says: 'On April 28th, 1933, from a train between Tangmere and Chichester, I saw two White Storks Ciconia ciconia in a field beside the line, I had a good view of them.

The train clearly scared the birds and they were preparing to leave when they were suddenly blotted from my view. I had omitted to publish this observation and in consequence it does not appear in Mr. Walpole-Bond's A History of Sussex Birds. The birds may have been an "escape".'

185). 1938 Greater London Mill Hill, Middlesex, seen, 6th April.

(London Natural History Society, 1957, 1964; Self, 2014).

History London Natural History Society (1957, 1964) say: 'The first record for Middlesex occurred when Professor E. H. Warmington saw one flying on 6th April 1938 in bright sunlight in a south-westerly direction over Mill Hill.'

186.0). 1938 Norfolk Winterton, seen, 10th August; also in Essex.

(C. I. Blackburne, British Birds 32: 154; Seago, 1977).

History C. I. Blackburne (1938) in British Birds, Vol. XXXII. p. 154, says: 'On August 10th, 1938, a White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) was reported to the Haslemere Educational Museum as having been seen coming in from the sea and sitting on a bungalow at Winterton in Norfolk. It was next reported from Tollesbury in Essex on August 11th. Since then no definite report has been received. The above visitations were supported by photographic evidence. The B.B.C. put out a broadcast message asking that, if anyone had lost a Stork, they should communicate with the Museum, but no report has been received. The wind was N.E. at the time, so it may have been blown off its course on migration southwards from Denmark, Holland or West Germany.'

186.1). 1938 Essex Tollesbury, seen, 11th August; same as Norfolk individual.

(C. I. Blackburne, British Birds 32: 154; W. E. Glegg, Essex Naturalist 16: 133-136; Hudson & Pyman, 1968; Cox, 1984; Wood, 2007).

History C. I. Blackburne (1938) in British Birds, Vol. XXXII. p. 154, says: 'On August 10th, 1938, a White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) was reported to the Haslemere Educational Museum as having been seen coming in from the sea and sitting on a bungalow at Winterton in Norfolk. It was next reported from Tollesbury in Essex on August 11th. Since then no definite report has been received. The above visitations were supported by photographic evidence. The B.B.C. put out a broadcast message asking that, if anyone had lost a Stork, they should communicate with the Museum, but no report has been received. The wind was N.E. at the time, so it may have been blown off its course on migration southwards from Denmark, Holland or West Germany.'

Accepted locally (Cox 1984; Wood 2007).

187.0). 1938 Yorkshire Great Ayton and North Ormesby, juvenile, 27th October to 22nd November, photo; same as Cleveland; also in Co. Durham.

(Yorkshire Post 9th Nov., 1938: photo; R. M. Garnett, Naturalist 64: 327; Eds., British Birds 32: 279; R. Chislett, Naturalist 65: 15; Temperley, 1951; Chislett, 1952; Mather, 1986).

History R. M. Garnett (1938) in the new series of The Naturalist, Vol. LXIV. p. 327, says: 'The occurrence of a White Stork in the county should not go unrecorded in The Naturalist.

It first appeared at Great Ayton on October 27th, when it was seen by Miss K. Edmundson and others, and was photographed by Mr. Williamson. Its portrait also was published in The Yorkshire Post on November 9th.

When I saw it on November 4th it was feeding on large earthworms in a wet pasture close to the village. The fact that its bill and legs were pink instead of red, and the long black scapulars and flight feathers were fringed with brown led me to think that it was an immature bird.

It carried no ring and may well be a truly wild immigrant, for the White Stork breeds among the houses on the Continent, and has in consequence little fear of man. This bird was noticed near N. Ormesby a week or two earlier, but it is not possible to be sure that it is the same individual as that recorded in Norfolk and Essex in early August (Brit. Birds Vol. XXXII. p. 154). Mr. Williamson informs me that it is still (Nov. 22) in or near the village, and if left undisturbed it seems likely to remain there until severe weather cuts off its food supply.'

In an Editorial (1939) in British Birds, Vol. XXXII. p. 279, they say: 'Miss K. M. Edmundson and Mr. R. M. Garnett have sent us particulars and a photograph of a White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) which appeared at Great Ayton in North Yorkshire on October 30th, 1938. The bird was in immature plumage and had been noted in Cleveland previous to this date.

It was last seen about November 30th. It will be remembered that a White Stork was noted in Norfolk and Essex in August (antea, p. 154). The Yorkshire bird was tame and it was noticed that it had no ring.'

Ralph Chislett (1940) in the new series of The Naturalist, Vol. LXV. p. 15, accepts it in the 'Annual Report of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union Bird Report.' Also, accepted locally (Chislett 1952: 168; Mather 1986).

187.1). 1938 Cleveland/Co. Durham/Yorkshire Hurworth Burn Reservoir, seen, late October; same, West Hartlepool, Co. Durham, seen, November; same, Brambles Farm, Middlesbrough, seen, November.

(Temperley, 1951; Blick, 2008; Bowey & Newsome, 2012).

History Temperley (1951) says: 'One spent most of its stay between late October to early December, 1938, in S.E. Durham and N.E. Yorkshire. But it was also seen near Hartlepool and at Hurworth Burn.'

Accepted locally for Cleveland (Blick 2008) who adds: 'One was seen in the Brambles Farm area of Middlesbrough and had been seen earlier at West Hartlepool.' Bowey & Newsome (2012) accept it for Co. Durham.

188). 1940 Kent Tenterden, pair, seen, late August.

(Harrison, 1953; Taylor, Davenport & Flegg, 1984).

History Harrison (1953 (1): 112) says: 'A pair were seen through glasses while circling high over Tenterden in late August, 1940, by Miss Christina Ticehurst, the sister of Dr. N. F. Ticehurst who has informed me (in litt.). From the description she gave him of the appearance of the birds as seen through glasses, Dr. Ticehurst believes that they were White Storks. He adds that there was a note in The Field (8.vi.1940) of one seen at Bethersden.'

Accepted locally (Taylor, Davenport & Flegg 1984).

190). 1942 Norfolk Hickling Broad, seen, 14th June.

(J. Vincent, Wild Bird Protection in Norfolk 1942: 12; Eds., British Birds 37: 240; Seago, 1977).

History J. Vincent (1942) in Wild Bird Protection in Norfolk, 1942, p. 12, under 'Notes from Hickling', says: 'On the morning of June 14th a bird of this species was circling round over the Broad going east.'a

191). 1949 Devon Dartmoor, seen, 19th to 21st June.

(M. Brooks-King, Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report 1949: 34; Moore, 1969; Tyler, 2010).

History M. Brooks-King (1949) in the Devon Bird-Watching and Preservation Society Report, Vol. XXII. p. 34, says: 'Dartmoor, one seen on evening of June 19, and early morning of June 20, by A. B. May; seemed tired, allowed close approach. I saw it about a mile away on June 21; it was much shyer, and eventually flew away. Red legs and bill noted. (G. E. M.).'

Accepted locally (Moore 1969; Tyler 2010).

192). 1949 Suffolk Minsmere, seen, June.

(Payn, 1978).

History Payn (1978, 2nd ed.) says: 'One was seen at Minsmere in June 1949.'

1950-57 RECORDS

193). 1952 Northumberland Near Ingram, seen, 16th May.

(G. W. Temperley, Transactions of the Northumberland, Durham & Newcastle-upon-Tyne Natural History Society 10: 112; E. M. Nicholson, British Birds 47: 89; Galloway & Meek, 1978-83; Kerr, 2001).

History G. W. Temperley (1952) in the Transactions of the Northumberland, Durham & Newcastle-upon-Tyne Natural History Society, Vol. X. p. 112, says: 'On May 16th on the river Breamish, below Ingram, N., one was watched, under very favourable conditions, for 10 to 15 minutes. It was first noted flying east, a little above tree-top height, over Brandon Farm, where it was mobbed by Rooks and Jackdaws. Followed by these birds it alighted within 50 yds. of the road, where it could be plainly seen. Its red bill and legs, its black primaries, contrasted with its otherwise white plumage, could be clearly seen. It flew with its neck fully extended (B.C.E.R.). It is possible that this bird may have escaped from captivity; but no real evidence is forthcoming. It was reported in the local press as a "Pelican".'

Accepted locally (Galloway & Meek 1978-83; Kerr 2001).

194.0). 1952 Wiltshire Downton, seen, 9th to 10th June; also in Hampshire.

(R. G. Barnes & G. Pierson, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 1953: 45; E. M. Nicholson, British Birds 47: 213; Buxton, 1981).

History Ruth G. Barnes & Guy Peirson (1953) in the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, Vol. LV. p. 45, under 'Wiltshire Bird Notes for 1952', say: 'A bird was seen at Downton on June 9th and 10th on Mr. Forwood's farm. He had seen Storks in Austria and described it as "white with black wings, a large red bill and, when it flew, long red legs dangling down". It first appeared in a flock of white Turkeys and was later seen flying in from the river from a northerly direction. It was wild and could not be easily approached (D.N.D.). No escapes from captivity were reported at that time.'

E. M. Nicholson (1954) in British Birds, Vol. XLVII. p. 213, in a review of the Bird Report, says: 'We note: White Stork in June.

194.1). 1952 Hampshire Near Damerham, seen, early July; probably same as Wiltshire individual.

(E. Cohen, Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society 18: 188; E. M. Nicholson, British Birds 47: 279; Cohen & Taverner, 1972; Clark & Eyre, 1993).

History E. Cohen (1953) in the Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society, Vol. XVIII. p. 188, says: 'Mr. Lush, a farmer near Damerham, reported on July 8th that a White Stork had followed his plough one day during the previous week. His description tallied with the species. (J.A.). Colour is added to this report by another from Downton in Wilts. where Mr. Forwood reported having seen a bird of this species feeding with Turkeys in one of his fields on June 9th and 10th. He stated that he knew these birds well in Austria, where he once lived. (per J.A.).'

E. M. Nicholson (1954) in British Birds, Vol. XLVII. p. 279, says: 'In the 1952 List we note: White Stork in July near Wiltshire border, probably the same bird as recorded in the Wiltshire Report for June (cf. antea, p. 213).'

Accepted locally (Clark & Eyre 1993).

195). 1953 Norfolk Morston, 4th June.

(M. J. Seago, Norfolk Bird Report 1953: 16; Seago, 1977).

History M. J. Seago (1953) in the Norfolk Bird Report, p. 16, says: 'One, Morston Marshes, June 4th only stayed a short time (H.H.). Full details submitted.

196). 1957 Suffolk Covehithe/Easton Bavents area, adult, 19th to 23rd September.

(F. K. Cobb, Suffolk Bird Report 1957: 7).

History F. K. Cobb (1957) in the Suffolk Bird Report, p. 7, says: 'An adult at Covehithe on Sept. 19th, was first seen on the chimney's of the observer's house, where it roosted that night (D.R.). It remained in the district until the 23rd, when it was caught in a garden at Easton Bavents. Released on Southwold Golf Course, it was seen perched on an electric cable pole at dusk, and was not seen thereafter (G.B.G.B., G.J.J., L.F.C., D.J.P., P.R.W.).'