Lesser White-fronted Goose
Anser erythropus (Linnaeus, 1758) (9, 30)
Photo © Ken Billington, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
STATUS
Palearctic. Monotypic.
OVERVIEW
Saunders (1889, 1st ed.) did not even rank this as a full species, but by his second edition (1899) he had changed his mind and accepted it.
This species had been seen for sale at Leadenhall Market (T. Fisher, Zool., I. 1885: 33).
Hugh Boyd gave a full summary of all occurrences since 1945 at Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, see British Birds 48: 325-326.
Records are as per BOU (1971) and Naylor (1996) but with the following changes: Kirkcudbrightshire (Dumfries & Galloway) has been reduced to three birds out of the five stated, two are classed as probable returning birds (Scottish Birds 23: 67) and as such accepted nationally for Scotland (Forrester & Andrews et al. 2007).
RECORDS
1). 1886 Northumberland Fenham Flats, first-winter male, shot, 16th September.
(Anon., Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1886: 420; Eds., Field 20th Nov., 1886: 750; A. C. Chapman, Field 11th Dec., 1886: 872; Chapman, 1889; Saunders, 1899; H. Saunders, British Birds 1: 14; BOU, 1915).
History Anon. (1886) in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, p. 420, at a meeting held on 16th November 1886, says: 'Mr. Seebohm exhibited a skin of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, Anser albifrons minutus (Anser erythropus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. p. 197), which had been shot on the 16th of September last near Holy Island, on the coast of Northumberland, by Mr. Alfred Crawhall Chapman, of Sunderland.
It was the first recorded example of the small form of the White-fronted Goose which had been obtained on the coasts of our islands, and it was especially interesting as being a young bird in first plumage. It proved to be a female [sic] on dissection, and bore a remarkable resemblance to the young in first plumage of the dark-bellied or typical form of the Brent Goose, Anser branta but its much greater expanse of wing (4 feet) and its large legs and feet, which were yellow-ochre in colour when first shot, precluded the possibility of confounding it with that species.
Its very small bill, quite as small as that of the Brent Goose, showed it to be a small example of the small form of the White-fronted Goose, but in so young a bird the white forehead had not yet appeared.'
In an Editorial (1886) in The Field of 20th Nov., Vol. LXVIII. p. 750, under 'Zoological Society', they say: 'The opening meeting of this society for the present session took place on Tuesday last, Professor W. H. Flower in the chair...Mr. H. Seebohm exhibited a skin of what he considered to be the Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons shot in September last on Holy Island, off the coast of Northumberland, and observed that it was the first recorded example of the small form of the White-fronted Goose which had been obtained on the coasts of our islands.'
Alfred C. Chapman of Roker, Sunderland (1886) in The Field of 11th Dec., Vol. LXVIII. p. 872, says: 'On Sept. 16 last, I had the good fortune to shoot a specimen of the Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus, Linn.) near Holy Island, on the coast of Northumberland. The incidents connected with its capture were few and simple. I had started in a gunning punt at an early hour in the morning, and by mid-day had succeeded in bagging seven Wigeon and three Teal. While we were having luncheon in the punt, about 3 p.m., a bird came in sight, flying from the north directly towards us. Of course, we remained perfectly still, and, as it approached, I was struck with its long expanse of wing. It was evidently a "grey goose" of some sort. It came steadily on, flying about twenty yards above the water, quite alone, and making no noise.
There was hardly any wind at the time, nor had there been any climatal disturbances to account for its sudden appearance. When it arrived about fifty yards from the punt, I raised my arms to shoot. The goose gave a quick swerve, and at that moment I dropped him with my shoulder gun. He fell in the water, and immediately began to swim away. As we pushed off to him he "gaggled" once or twice, just like a domestic goose. To make quite sure, I gave him another shot, and he was bagged.
From the moment of handling him, I felt sure I had got a prize. That he was neither the Greylag (Anser ferus), nor the Bean (A. segetum), nor the Pink-footed Goose (A. brachyrhynchus, I was quite certain. The size of the beak alone sufficed to showed this. Possibly, I thought, he might be a young White-fronted Goose (A. albifrons), being clearly a bird of the year; and, Mr. Adamson, of Newcastle, also suggested the possibility of this without seeing it. Comparison with a real Anser erythropus of Linnaeus), and, so far as I know, the only British-killed example in existence.'
[We believe that there is a British-killed example of this goose in the collection of Mr. Dresser, and another was seen by Mr. Cordeaux at Grimsby, as recorded in the third volume of the last edition of 'Yarrell'. - Ed.]
I sent the bird to Mr. Cullingford, of Durham, to skin and cure. The most prominent feature of distinction between Anser albifrons and Anser erythropus lies in the relative size of the beak and tarsus, and in the distribution of the white on the forehead....In A. erythropus the white forehead extends on the crown of the head, as far back as the line of the eyes; in A. albifrons the white feathers do not reach much further from the beak than half this distance....Mr. Seebohm, who examined my bird and pronounced it to be unquestionably a young male A. erythropus (Linn.)...
The following particulars are descriptive of the young male of Anser erythropus in first plumage, and I may say that they were jotted down within a few minutes of the time when the bird was shot: Legs and feet, yellow ochre colour; irides, brown; orbits, yellow ochre; beak, pink; nail, horn colour; weight, 2.75 lb.; fair condition. The whole of the upper part of the head, from base of beak to occiput, were much darker than the sides of the head, throat, and neck, giving the bird a capped appearance. This cap was of a very dark brown colour, the sides of the head and neck being lighter brown. One small white feather showed itself on the forehead. The primaries were light blue, shading to black at the tips; bastard wing, light blue; secondaries, black; greater coverts, pale brown tipped with white; back, brown, each feather edged with paler brown; tail, nearly black, with white upper and under coverts; the breast, warm reddish-brown; the stomach, grey, dappled, and checkered with black spots all over it; alar expanse, 4 ft.; length, from tip of bill to end of toes, 2 ft. 1 in.; toes, 1 in. beyond tail. From the first I had little doubt as to the species of my bird, and it has since been examined and identified by Mr. Seebohm, Canon Tristram, and Mr. Howard Saunders.'
Chapman (1889: 212) says: 'This addition to the British avifauna was made by my brother Alfred, who shot a young male of this small Grey Goose on Fenham Flats, on the Northumbrian coast, September 16th, 1886, and the credit of the discovery is due to his correct identification. The specimen is now fully admitted to be an unquestionable example of Anser erythropus, the only one in existence killed in Great Britain.'
Saunders (1899: 400, 2nd ed.) says: 'By those who admit its claim to specific rank this is known as the Lesser White-fronted Goose, Anser erythropus of Linnaeus, and a young male of this was shot by the late Mr. A. C. Chapman at Holy Island in Northumberland, on Sept. 16th, 1886.'
Howard Saunders (1907) in British Birds, Vol. I. p. 14, under 'Additions to the List of British Birds since 1899', says: 'In 1899 some doubts remained in my mind as to the validity of this as a species (cf. Manual, ed. 2. p. 400); but I now fully admit its specific distinctness, and should figure and describe it in any future edition.'
Admitted in their second List of British Birds (BOU 1915).
2). 1943 Lincolnshire Holbeach Marsh, adult male, seen, January.
(P. Scott, Field 18th Aug., 1945: 171; H. H. Davis & P. Scott, British Birds 39: 78; Smith & Cornwallis, 1955; Lorand & Atkin, 1989).
History Peter Scott (1945) in The Field of 18th Aug., Vol. CLXXXVI. p. 171, says: 'Here is a somewhat belated report of an occurrence which I feel should nevertheless be put on record. One afternoon in January, 1943, my old friend Mr. William Tinsley, who has a fine collection of wildfowl, was walking down the road on his Lincolnshire farm when he heard the call of a Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus), a call which is nearly an octave higher than the average White-fronted Goose call, and very clearly distinguishable.
At first, Mr. Tinsley thought that one of his own pair of pinioned Lesser White-fronts must have wandered from the grass field in front of the house where they lived with his other geese, but, after a few moments, it was evident that the calling bird was on the wing, about half a mile away and circling gradually towards the farmhouse. Mr. Tinsley hurried back up the road.
The Lesser White-front's call had been answered by the pinioned ones in the grass field and he was just in time, as he reached the farm, to see the newcomer circle round a couple of times and settle down amongst his own geese. It took up at once with the two pinioned Lesser White-fronts and there was absolutely no doubt of its identity whatever. From the hedge, at a range of about 30 yards Mr. Tinsley could see that it was an adult gander with heavily barred breast. It remained until the following morning, when it left and was not seen again.
Only one unimpeachable record for the Lesser White-fronted is accepted by Witherby in the Handbook of British Birds, – Fenham Flats (Northumberland) Sept. 16th, 1886 - four other records are described as "not above reproach"....The possibility that the bird which visited Mr. Tinsley might have escaped from captivity cannot, I suppose, be entirely dismissed, though there must be very few unpinioned Lesser White-fronted Geese in captivity in this country. It seems infinitely more probable that the bird was wild....'
H. H. Davis and Peter Scott (1946) in British Birds, Vol. XXXIX. p. 78, say: 'A reliable record of an adult male which visited tame birds of the same species in Lincolnshire in January 1943 (Field 18th August, 1945) should also be included.'
Accepted locally (Smith & Cornwallis 1955; Lorand & Atkin 1989).
3). 1945 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, two, adults, 16th to 30th December, one remaining to 13th February 1946.
(H. H. Davis & P. Scott, British Birds 39: 77-79; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325; Swaine, 1982).
History H. H. Davis & Peter Scott (1946) in British Birds, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79, say: 'On 16th December 1945, there were approximately two thousand geese on the saltings at the New Grounds on the Severn, near Berkeley, Gloucestershire. The vast majority were White-fronted Geese Anser a. albifrons, but there were also about seventy Pink-footed Geese A. fabalis brachyrhynchus, one juvenile Bean Goose A. f. fabalis [segetum], one juvenile Greylag Goose A. a. anser, one juvenile Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis, one juvenile Brent Goose B. b. bernicla, and two adult Lesser White-fronted Geese Anser erythropus - seven species in all. One of us (P.S.) is extremely familiar with Lesser White-fronts both in captivity and in their winter-quarters on the Caspian Sea and elsewhere. The identification of these two birds can therefore be regarded as absolutely certain, but it may be of interest to describe the characters noted in these two individuals, which were in different parts of the flock and appeared to be in no way associated.
The first was an adult and almost certainly a female. It was first seen at 200 yards range amongst a crowd of White-fronts and it fed to within about 100 yards. In the bright sunshine the yellow eyelids were very distinct and called forth the remark that they were "shining like a golden sovereign". It was slightly darker than the surrounding White-fronts and the base of the neck was noticeably more chestnut. The bill, which looked minute, was strikingly brighter pink, almost a coral pink. The general plumage was smoother in appearance because the pale edges to the feathers were narrower. The white blaze on the forehead did not go so far on to the crown as is sometimes the case with Lesser White-fronts, but it was much narrower in shape when looked at from in front than the typical blaze of albifrons. An important character was the shorter neck, which usually appears more curved at the back, and the very characteristic and delicate shape and gait of the bird, which are, almost impossible to describe in words.
The second bird was also an adult and almost certainly a gander. It was feeding with a flock of about three hundred White-fronts at the opposite end of the marsh. It was observed at not less than 400 yards and by that time the light had deteriorated. This bird was not very much smaller than the surrounding White-fronts, but was more noticeably dark than the first one had been when compared with its neighbours. The white blaze went right on to the top of the head between the eyes and the tiny bill was most noticeable amongst the larger White-fronts. It was only just possible, at that range and in that light, to see the golden eyelids. Once again the general shape and carriage were very characteristic. There seems to be a greater depth to the after part of the body and folded wings than in albifrons, and this is accentuated by the short neck and small bill.'
[Although the very careful description, coupled with Mr. Scott's intimate knowledge of the species, fully establishes the identification, it may be worth placing on record that I have myself had good views of one of the birds on two occasions, namely December 23rd, in company with Mr. Davis and others, and again on December 26th. Mr. Davis has informed me since the paper went to press that he has observed one or both birds on the following subsequent occasions: December 28th (one), December 30th (almost certainly both), January 13th (possibly both), January 27th and February 13th (one). There is therefore good evidence to show that both birds were present until December 30th and that one remained until February 13th or later. – B. W. Tucker].
Accepted locally (Swaine 1982).
5). 1946 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult male, 28th December to 2nd March 1947, photo.
(P. Scott, British Birds 40: 280-281; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History Peter Scott (1947) in British Birds, Vol. XL. pp. 280-281, says: 'Three Lesser White-fronted Geese (Anser erythropus) were present during the winter of 1946-47, among the large flock of White-fronted Geese on the Severn Wildfowl Trust's marshes at the New Grounds in Gloucestershire. They never associated one with another and were to be found in different parts of the flock.
All three were adults and, by carefully recording the distribution of the black markings on the belly, it was possible to distinguish one from another with certainty. It will be remembered that two Lesser White-fronts were seen on the New Grounds during the previous season among 2,000 White-fronts (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79) and the suggestion was put forward that the incidence of Lesser White-fronts might be in the nature of one per thousand of those common White-fronts which cross the migration routes of the Lessers. This theory is borne out to some extent by the appearance of three this winter, although at some times the total numbers of geese exceeded 4,000. Very unfortunately details were not taken of the exact belly markings of the two birds of the previous winter, nor is the extent of the possible changes in markings after the summer moult at present known. Records will be made with captive birds this summer.
Meanwhile the details of the three Lesser White-fronts of the past winter are as follows: No. I. – Definitely male, from aggressive behaviour, posturing, etc. Blaze on forehead reaches, but does not pass line joining eyes over crown. Neat, round and rather dumpy. Medium sized to large (for a Lesser White-front). Belly markings; a group of black spots on centre of belly, one tiny fleck on right side and one rather larger neck slightly to right of centre line on breast. No. I. was seen on the following dates: December 28th, 29th, 30th; January 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 13th, 16th, 17th, 18th; February 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 23rd; March 1st, 2nd; and photographed at 25 yards on January 4th.'
6). 1947 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult, possibly male, 2nd January to 3rd March.
(P. Scott, British Birds 40: 280-281; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History Peter Scott (1947) in British Birds, Vol. XL. pp. 280-281, says: 'Three Lesser White-fronted Geese (Anser erythropus) were present during the winter of 1946-47, among the large flock of White-fronted Geese on the Severn Wildfowl Trust's marshes at the New Grounds in Gloucestershire. They never associated one with another and were to be found in different parts of the flock.
All three were adults and, by carefully recording the distribution of the black markings on the belly, it was possible to distinguish one from another with certainty. It will be remembered that two Lesser White-fronts were seen on the New Grounds during the previous season among 2,000 White-fronts (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79) and the suggestion was put forward that the incidence of Lesser White-fronts might be in the nature of one per thousand of those common White-fronts which cross the migration routes of the Lessers. This theory is borne out to some extent by the appearance of three this winter, although at some times the total numbers of geese exceeded 4,000.
Very unfortunately details were not taken of the exact belly markings of the two birds of the previous winter, nor is the extent of the possible changes in markings after the summer moult at present known. Records will be made with captive birds this summer. Meanwhile the details of the three Lesser White-fronts of the past winter are as follows: - No. III. - Possibly male. Blaze on forehead same extent as in other two (i.e. not so high as sometimes in Lesser White-fronts).
Large and less neat than No. I. Not so dark as No. II. Belly markings: fewer than on No. I. A few small spots on centre of belly. Largest fleck shows on left side, and only just shows on right side. Two flecks behind and above it on the left side. The left wing droops slightly. No. III was seen on the following dates: - January 2nd, 18th; February 3rd, 10th; March 1st, 3rd. On January 18th all three birds were seen and satisfactorily distinguished one from another by four experienced ornithologists besides myself. On this day No. III was by itself away from the flock and looked rather sick, with ruffled head and neck. Some anxiety was felt for it, but on February 3rd and 10th it appeared to be normal again, although the wing still drooped slightly, and it was consorting with common White-fronts.'
7). 1947 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult male, 3rd January to 16th March.
(P. Scott, British Birds 40: 280-281; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History Peter Scott (1947) in British Birds, Vol. XL. pp. 280-281, says: 'Three Lesser White-fronted Geese (Anser erythropus) were present during the winter of 1946-47, among the large flock of White-fronted Geese on the Severn Wildfowl Trust's marshes at the New Grounds in Gloucestershire. They never associated one with another and were to be found in different parts of the flock. All three were adults and, by carefully recording the distribution of the black markings on the belly, it was possible to distinguish one from another with certainty. It will be remembered that two Lesser White-fronts were seen on the New Grounds during the previous season among 2,000 White-fronts (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79) and the suggestion was put forward that the incidence of Lesser White-fronts might be in the nature of one per thousand of those common White-fronts which cross the migration routes of the Lessers. This theory is borne out to some extent by the appearance of three this winter, although at some times the total numbers of geese exceeded 4,000.
Very unfortunately details were not taken of the exact belly markings of the two birds of the previous winter, nor is the extent of the possible changes in markings after the summer moult at present known. Records will be made with captive birds this summer. Meanwhile the details of the three Lesser White-fronts of the past winter are as follows: - No. II. - Definitely male. Was paired to female common White-front. Blaze on forehead same extent as No. I. but slightly indented by eyes, especially left eye. Small and very dark plumaged, short legs and a long low carriage. Belly markings: a large roundish black patch in centre of belly, with irregular edges. On right side the forward edge of the black patch reaches highest up flank, on left side the after edge reaches highest. No. II was seen on the following dates: - January 3rd, 16th, 17th, 18th, 25th; February 16th; March 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 15th, 16th.'
8). 1948 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult male, 20th December to 13th February 1949.
(H. H. Davies & P. J. Chadwick, Ornithological Notes Bristol District 1947: 398; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davies & P. J. Chadwick (1947) in Ornithological Notes of the Bristol District, p. 398, say: 'One identified among common White-fronts at the New Grounds, Dec. 20, and on subsequent dates to the close of the year (P.S., H.H.D., and others). The bird, the sixth to be recorded from the New Grounds, was clearly an adult male and was paired with an unusually dark breasted female albifrons, with which it was seen to be in close company on all occasions.'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281). We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult male, 20th December 1948 to 13th February 1949.'
9). 1949 Norfolk Lockgate Mill, Breydon Marshes, adult male, shot, 24th January, photo., now at Castle Museum, Norwich (Acc. No. NWHCM: 1949.62).
(C. C. T. Giles, Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists’ Society 7: 38; H. Davies, British Birds 42: 295, plates 61 & 62; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326; Seago, 1977; Allard, 1990; Taylor, Seago, Allard & Dorling, 1999; Piotrowski, 2003; Dye, Fiszer & Allard, 2009).
History C. C. T. Giles (1949) in the Transactions of the Suffolk Naturalists' Society, Vol.VII. p. 38, under 'A Goose new to Suffolk', says: 'The Times of 31 January 1949 announced that "a Lesser White-fronted Goose [Anser erythropus, Linn.], a rare winter visitor to Britain from northern Scandinavia and Finland, has been shot at Breydon Marshes by Mr. R. F. Porter of Yarmouth. It is to be stuffed and exhibited at Norwich Castle Museum. Only eight examples have been recorded with certainty in Britain. One in Northumberland in 1886, and another in Lincolnshire in 1943. The remaining six were all seen by members of the Severn Wildfowl Trust on the New Grounds by the river near Berkeley in Glos.: two in the winter of 1945-6, three in 1946-7, and one this winter".'
Harold Davies (1949) in British Birds, Vol. XLII. p. 295, says: 'On January 24th, 1949, I had brought to me for identification a Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) shot on Breydon marshes. It came in from the sea flying alone and was shot by Mr. R. F. Porter, one of a family of well-known sportsmen of Great Yarmouth, who was mostly attracted by the high-pitched call the bird was making.
The undermentioned rough measurements were taken before the bird was forwarded to the Norwich Museum for exhibition, for this appears to be the first definite record for Norfolk, the history of one reported as shot on the Wash in 1900 not having been considered entirely satisfactory (cf. Handbook of British Birds, Vol. III. p. 191). Sex: Male. Stomach contents: Nil. No trace of food in organs. Gizzard was full of fine sand of the seashore kind. Weight: 3 Ib. 8½ ozs. Length; 24 ins. Wing measurements: 21½ ins. Wing span: 4 feet.
Photographs of the bird in the flesh will be found on Plates 61 and 62.'
Accepted as the first for Norfolk (Dye, Fiszer & Allard 2009) who add: 'It was shot close to Lockgate Mill on Breydon Marshes and is now in the Castle Museum, Norwich.'
Comment Accepted locally by both Norfolk and Suffolk writers, but the location is clearly on the Norfolk side of Breydon and therefore has no claim to be the first record for Suffolk.
1950-57 RECORDS
10). 1950 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult pair, 6th January to 1st March.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 28: 184; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXVIII. p. 184, say: 'Again seen among common White-fronts at New Grounds. Adult pair, Jan 6 to Mar. 1 (H.J.B., P.S., M.J.W.)....'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281). We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult pair, 6th January to 1st March 1950.'
12). 1950 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, first-winter, 15th January to 1st March.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 28: 184; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXVIII. p. 184, say: 'Again seen among common White-fronts at New Grounds...and an immature (second record only of a young bird in Brit. Isles), Jan. 15 to Mar. 1 (H.J.B., H.H.D., P.S., et al.)....'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: first-winter, 15th January to 1st March.'
13). 1950 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult, 20th December to 13th January 1951.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 28: 184; H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 255; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXVIII. p. 184, say: 'Again seen among common White-fronts at New Grounds....Single adult, several dates, second half of Dec. (H.J.B., P.S.).'
H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 255, say: 'No fewer than six (4 ads. and 2 imms.) identified among common White-fronts at New Grounds. First adult present Jan 1 to 13;...'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult, 20th December 1950 to 13th January 1951.'
14). 1950 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult, 28th December to 17th February 1951.
H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 255; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 255, say: 'No fewer than six (4 ads. and 2 imms.) identified among common White-fronts at New Grounds....another seen Feb. 17...'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult, 28th December 1950 to 17th February 1951.'
15). 1951 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, first-winter, 26th January to 17th February.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 255; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 255, say: 'No fewer than six (4 ads. and 2 imms.) identified among common White-fronts at New Grounds....Of two first-winter immatures seen Jan. 26, one was still present, Feb. 19 (H.J.B., P.S.).'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: first-winter, 26th January to 17th February.'
16). 1951 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, first-winter, 26th January to 19th February.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 255; British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 255, say: 'No fewer than six (4 ads. and 2 imms.) identified among common White-fronts at New Grounds....Of two first-winter immatures seen Jan. 26, one was still present, Feb. 19 (H.J.B., P.S.).'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: first winter, 26th January to 19th February 1951.'
17). 1951 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult, 20th to 25th February.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 255; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 255, say: 'No fewer than six (4 ads. and 2 imms.) identified among common White-fronts at New Grounds....A fourth adult, observed Mar. 18, had a damaged leg, and was subsequently found among captive geese in S.W.T. enclosures, where it remained until late May.'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult, 20th to 25th February.'
18). 1951 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult female, injured, 18th March to late May.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 255; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 325).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1950) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 255, say: 'No fewer than six (4 ads. and 2 imms.) identified among common White-fronts at New Grounds....Of two first-winter immatures seen Jan. 26, one was still present, Feb. 19 (H.J.B., P.S.).'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult female, injured, 18th March to late May.'
19). 1952 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult female, 3rd to 22nd February.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 28: 321; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1952) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXVIII. p. 321, say: 'Identified among common White-fronts, New Grounds, for eighth successive year; ad. female Feb. 3-22...(H.J.B.).'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult female, 3rd to 22nd February.'
20). 1952 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult male, 4th to 9th March.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 28: 321; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1952) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXVIII. p. 321, say: 'Identified among common White-fronts, New Grounds, for eighth successive year...ad. male, Mar. 4-9 (H.J.B.)...'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult male, 4th to 9th March.'
21). 1952 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, first-winter, 27th November to 18th March 1953.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 28: 321, 392; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1952) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXVIII. p. 321, say: 'Identified among common White-fronts, New Grounds, for eighth successive year...immature bird, Nov. 27-Dec.24 (H.J.B., P.S.)...' Further, p. 392, they add: 'Two, ad. and imm., identified among common White-fronts, New Grounds, various dates, Jan.-Mar., were birds first reported at close of previous year.'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: first-winter, 27th November 1952 to 18th March 1953.'
22). 1952 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult, 12th December to 1st March 1953.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 28: 321, 392; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1952) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXVIII. p. 321, say: 'Identified among common White-fronts, New Grounds, for eighth successive year...single ad., Dec. 12-18 (D.L.) and another, Dec. 28-31 (H.J.B., P.S.).' Further, p. 392, they add: 'Two, ad. and imm., identified among common White-fronts, New Grounds, various dates, Jan.-Mar., were birds first reported at close of previous year.'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult, 12th December 1952 to 1st March 1953.'
23). 1953 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult, 7th October to 15th February 1954.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 28: 392; H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 32; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1953) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXVIII. p. 392, say: 'One, ad., same place [New Grounds], Oct. to end of Dec. (H.J.B., H.H.D., B.K. et al.).'
H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1954) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 32, add: 'Adult, first reported at New Grounds in previous Oct., remained to Feb. 15 or later.'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult, 7th October 1953 to 15th February 1954.'
24). 1954 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, first-winter, 16th January to 2nd March.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 32; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1954) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 32, say: '...and a first-winter bird Jan. 16-Mar. 2 (H.J.B.).'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: first-winter, 16th January to 2nd March 1954.'
25). 1954 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult female, 25th January to 5th March.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 32; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1954) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 32, say: 'Another ad., same place [New Grounds], Jan 25-Mar. 5....(H.J.B.).'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult female, 25th January to 5th March 1954.'
26). 1954 Dumfries & Galloway Drum of Threave, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, immature, 20th February to 14th March.
(D. Watson, Scottish Naturalist 66: 186-188; D. Watson, British Birds 48: 323-325; E. V. Baxter, Scottish Naturalist 68: 2; Richmond, 1968).
History D. Watson (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. pp. 323-325, says: 'Kirkcudbright. - During the past two winters Lesser White-fronted Geese (Anser erythropus), two in 1954 and three in 1955, have been observed among the flock of Bean Geese (A. arvensis arvensis) which annually frequent a localised area in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright. These are the first definite records of the species in Scotland. On 20th February 1954 an immature bird was first identified by a party of ornithologists including Miss M. I. Kinnear, D. G. Andrew, A. G. S. Bryson, J. Hoy, G. Waterston, A. B. Duncan, W. Austin and the writer.
The presence of an adult bird was strongly suspected at the same time and established beyond doubt on 7th March by Professor M. F. M. Meiklejohn and the writer. Both birds remained in the vicinity until 14th March. Shortly after this date they apparently left with the Bean Geese. The immature was a very small goose, even for a Lesser White-front.
On the ground it was dwarfed by the Bean Geese, being strikingly short in the leg. Seen beside a Curlew (Numenius arquata) it did not appear much larger. In flight it could be picked out at once by size, narrow wings and quick wing-beats. The general body colour somewhat resembled a Bean Goose, though darker and lacking clear pale edges to the feathers of the upper-parts. Also, unlike the adult Lesser White-fronts, it showed no distinct white fringe where flanks overlap wing-coverts. There were no bars on the under-parts. The white blaze on the forehead was very small and scarcely visible side-on. The bill was short and stubby, rather bright pink in colour, and the legs were orange-yellow, paler than those of the Bean Goose. The golden yellow eye-lids could be seen clearly through a telescope at 100 yards.'
27). 1954 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult male, 25th February.
(H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society 29: 32; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History H. H. Davis & P. J. Chadwick (1954) in the Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. XXIX. p. 32, say: '...a third on Feb. 25 only...(H.J.B.).'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult male, 25th February 1954.'
28.0). 1954 Dumfries & Galloway Drum of Threave, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, adult, 7th to 14th March.
(D. Watson, Scottish Naturalist 66: 186-188; D. Watson, British Birds 48: 323-325; E. V. Baxter, Scottish Naturalist 68: 2; Richmond, 1968).
History D. Watson (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. pp. 323-325, says: 'Kirkcudbright. - During the past two winters Lesser White-fronted Geese (Anser erythropus), two in 1954 and three in 1955, have been observed among the flock of Bean Geese (A. arvensis arvensis) which annually frequent a localised area in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright.
These are the first definite records of the species in Scotland....The adult was appreciably larger, approaching the size of a Pink-footed Goose (A. arvensis brachyrhynchus). It was generally lighter in colour than the immature, with a distinct chestnut tinge to the hind neck. The white upper fringe to the flanks was well defined. On the belly were three or four distinct short black of the White-fronted Goose (A. albifrons), extended as far back as the eye. The bill and legs were brighter than in the immature and the golden yellow eye-lids could be seen through a telescope at 400 yards in strong light.'
29). 1955 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, adult, 13th January to 13th March.
(P. J. Chadwick, B. King, H. H. Davis, R. H. Poulding & M. A. Wright, Bristol Bird Report 1955: 116; H. Boyd, British Birds 48: 326).
History P. J. Chadwick, B. King, H. H. Davis, R. H. Poulding & M. A. Wright (1955) in the Bristol Bird Report, p. 116, say: 'Single ad. seen with common White-fronts, New Grounds, on at least four occasions, Jan. 13 to Mar. 13 (H.J.B., P.S.).'
In an Editorial (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 326, it says: 'In connection with these, the first Scottish and Welsh records of the Lesser White-fronted Goose, we feel that it is opportune to publish a summary of the records from the New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, where this species has occurred in almost every winter since 1945-1946, when two were first identified there (antea, Vol. XXXIX. pp. 77-79; see also Vol. XL. pp. 280-281).
We are grateful to Mr. Hugh Boyd for the following details: adult, 13th January to 13th March 1955.'
30). 1955 Norfolk Bure Marshes, immature, shot, 17th January, now at Castle Museum, Norwich.
(M. J. Seago, British Birds 48: 411; M. J. Seago, Norfolk Bird Report 1955: 35).
History M. J. Seago (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 411, says: 'An immature Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) was shot on Bure Marshes, near St. Benet's Abbey, Norfolk, on 17th January 1955. The bird was examined on the next day by E. A. Ellis at the Norwich Castle Museum, where the skin now is.'
[A full description of the bird has been sent. Five other Lesser White-fronts were recorded in Britain in early 1955 (antea, pp. 323-326) and these, with the above, bring the post-war total to 32. - Eds.]
28.1). 1955 Dumfries & Galloway Drum of Threave, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, two, adults, 23rd January; presumed same as 1954 individuals.
(D. Watson, British Birds 48: 323; Richmond, 1968).
History D. Watson (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 323, says: 'In 1955 two adults and possibly a third bird were first seen by Dr. J. Berry, A. B. Duncan, Professor Gustav Swanson and the writer on 23rd January. The presence of a third adult was confirmed by the writer on 3rd February. One or more of these were seen by a number of ornithologists, among them Peter Scott, on numerous occasions until 6th March. Again they apparently left with the main body of the Bean Geese, between 6th and 9th March. The plumage of the three birds in 1955 closely resembled that of the 1954 adult. All the typical characters were well seen including the eye-lids. On at least one occasion the writer heard a high-pitched call from one of the birds. During their stay the Lesser White-fronts behave as integral members of the Bean Goose flock and show no tendency to associate among their own species within the flock.
The Bean Geese themselves do not begin to appear in the area until mid or late December and peak numbers, between 200 and 230, have not in the last three years been attained till late January or February, coincident with the first appearance of the Lesser White-fronts. Many Greylag Geese (A. anser) and a few Pink-feet regularly feed with the Bean Geese and at times they are joined by some Greenland White-fronts (A. albifrons flavirostris) from the flock which winters in a neighbouring locality.
In February 1954 a Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) joined the throng, while in 1955, during January and February, it was often possible to see all the foregoing species together, except the Canada, and in addition and apparently albinescent Greylag Goose and a Bean Goose of a pale silvery grey colour. On 24th February the writer saw a goose scarcely larger than a Lesser White-front with plumage and colour of soft parts fairly similar to a Bean Goose, although much darker on the under-parts; this bird seemed to raise the possibility of hybridisation between Bean and Lesser White-front in this flock. In fine sunny weather the Bean and Lesser White-fronted Geese feed mainly on the grassy slopes of a small hill (knowe) which is surrounded on three sides by marshy ground. In wet, windy weather, and when the ground is under snow or much frosted they repair to the adjacent marshy ground or to other marshes and more sheltered fields not far away.
They generally roost on hill lochs a few miles away though they may sometimes make use of a nearby river. While all the other geese which regularly visit the locality arrive in October and stay at least until April, the Bean Geese with the Lesser White-fronts appear to spend the early and late winter elsewhere.'
31). 1955 Dumfries & Galloway Drum of Threave, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, adult, 3rd February to 6th March.
(D. Watson, British Birds 48: 323; Richmond, 1968).
History D. Watson (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 323, says: 'The presence of a third adult was confirmed by the writer on 3rd February. One or more of these were seen by a number of ornithologists, among them Peter Scott, on numerous occasions until 6th March. Again they apparently left with the main body of the Bean Geese, between 6th and 9th March. The plumage of the three birds in 1955 closely resembled that of the 1954 adult. All the typical characters were well seen including the eye-lids. On at least one occasion the writer heard a high-pitched call from one of the birds.
During their stay the Lesser White-fronts behave as integral members of the Bean Goose flock and show no tendency to associate among their own species within the flock.'
32). 1955 Ceredigion Dyfi Estuary, adult female, shot, 11th February.
(W. A. Cadnam, British Birds 48: 325; W. M. Condry, Nature in Wales 1: 84-85; Ingram et al., 1966; Lovegrove, Williams & Williams, 1994; Roderick & Davis, 2010).
History W. A. Cadnam (1955) in British Birds, Vol. XLVIII. p. 325, says: 'At about 6.0 p.m. on 11th February 1955, on the Dovey Estuary, Cardiganshire, some 150 White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons), with which there were also a few Pinkfeet (A. arvensis brachyrhynchus), flew over me. I shot one goose and on picking it up I found it to be a Lesser White-fronted Goose (A. erythropus). It proved to be an adult female. The small-size, yellow eye-ring, short beak, and prominent "white front" extending above and beyond the eye made identification positive.
The following measurements were obtained: wing 385 mm., beak 35 mm., tarsus 60 mm., tail 116 mm. The bird weighed 4 lbs. 1 oz. Its plumage was darker than that of a typical Whitefront (A. a. albifrons) but not quite so dark as that of the Greenland race (A. a. flavirostris). It had been feeding exclusively on the White Beak Sedge (Rhyncospora alba). This is the first record of a Lesser White-front in Wales.'
Accepted nationally for Wales (Lovegrove, Williams & Williams 1994) and locally (Ingram et al. 1966) and (Roderick & Davis 2010).
28.2). 1955 Dumfries & Galloway Drum of Threave, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, adult, 31st December to 12th February 1956.
(D. Watson, British Birds 49: 227; Richmond, 1968).
History D. Watson (1956) in British Birds, Vol. XLIX. p. 227, says: 'An adult Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) was observed on many dates between 31st December 1955 and 12th February 1956, in company with Bean Geese (A. arvensis arvensis), in the same locality in Kirkcudbrightshire as in the past two winters. It is possible that the bird remained longer in the neighbourhood. Like one of last season's birds it was slightly lame and it may even have been the same individual.
All the typical features of the species were clearly seen by a number of observers, the small size, prominent white frontal blaze and golden yellow eye-lids being particularly noted. It was slightly more strongly barred on the under-parts than any I had seen in previous years. It may be worth adding that on a number of occasions between 18th December 1955 and 18th February 1956, among the same flock of Bean Geese, were one and sometimes two first-winter White-fronted Geese of the typical race (A. albifrons albifrons).
On 17th and 18th January R. F. Ruttledge and I made careful comparisons between these birds and the local White-fronts which are of course generally of the Greenland race (A. albifrons flavirostris). From their behaviour throughout the period as integral members of the Bean Goose flock, it seems likely that both they and the Lesser White-front had travelled to Britain with the Bean Geese.'
33). 1956 Gloucestershire Slimbridge, six, possibly eight, between 10th January and 12th March.
(P. J. Chadwick, B. K. Brooke, H. H. Davis, R. H. Poulding & M. A. Wright, Bristol Bird Report 1957: 361; P. Scott & H. Boyd, British Birds 49: 228).
History P. J. Chadwick, B. K. Brooke, H. H. Davis, R. H. Poulding & M. A. Wright (1957) in the Bristol Bird Report, p. 361, say: 'First-winter bird, New Grounds, Jan. 19; two adults, same place, mid-Jan. to early Mar. (H.J.B., M.D., P.S. et al.).'
P. Scott & H. Boyd (1956) in British Birds, Vol. XLIX. p. 228, say: 'At least six and possibly eight Lesser White-fronted Geese (Anser erythropus) were seen in the flock of White-fronted Geese (A. a. albifrons) on the River Severn at Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, between 10th January and 12th March 1956.
Since the views obtained were not always sufficient for recognition of particular individuals some uncertainty exists about the number present and the length of stay of the various birds. The first bird seen was a large juvenile: this was identified on 10th and 23rd January, 28th February and 7th March (by which date it was in adult plumage). A second, small juvenile was seen on 23rd January. A juvenile seen on nth and 12th March may have been the same bird, but seemed rather paler and larger. No adult was seen until 8th February, but between then and 12th March twelve records of adults were made, which referred to four, or perhaps five individuals. One of them, a rather small adult male, seen on 6th and 7th March, was mated to a female A. a. albifrons with two young, but the young were not distinguishable from those of albifrons. There were three other adults, all single: one seen between 8th February and 2nd March; one on 7th March, the third on 12th March.
An adult seen on the 11th March could have been the second of these, or possibly the first juvenile. All these birds were seen by P.S., five also by H.B., and various of them by a number of other observers. If the minimum number of six individuals is accepted, the number of records of this species at Slimbridge between December 1945 and March 1956 is raised to thirty.'
39). 1956 Norfolk Buckenham, adult, 22nd January and 5th March.
(H. Boyd, R. H. Harrison & M. J. Seago, British Birds 49: 228; M. J. Seago, Norfolk Bird Report 1956: 31).
History H. Boyd, R. H. Harrison & M. J. Seago (1956) in British Birds, Vol. XLIX. p. 228, say: 'During the last week of December 1955, a flock of about 100 Bean Geese (Anser a. arvensis) arrived in the Yare valley, E. Norfolk. On 1st January 1956 P. W. P. Browne spotted a small goose in flight with them, and this was also seen by P. D. Kirby, R.H.H. and M.J.S.; unfortunately, however, it could not be identified with any certainty.
Three weeks later, on 22nd January, E. A. Maxwell, C. J. Sellick, H.B. and R.H.H. were able to identify an adult Lesser White-front (A. erythropus) feeding with 97 Bean Geese on these same marshes; visibility was excellent and the bird was watched for some time at ranges down to 150 yards identification was based on the small head and short, pinkish bill, the high white blaze on the forehead (extending to the top of the head behind the eye) and the long wings (tips passing the tail). During the next six weeks what was presumably the same bird was seen on several occasions by R.H.H., still among the Bean Geese.
On 5th March M.J.S. and his wife were able to approach it to within 70-80 yards, thus being close enough to pick out the yellow eye-ring in addition to the features noted above; the bird had 5 or 6 short black bars on its belly; on this occasion it was feeding with 85 Bean Geese and 13 White-fronts (A. a. albifrons).
The bird apparently left with the Bean Geese between 6th and 7th March. There is no evidence that more than one individual was ever present and it seems probable that the one Lesser White-front spent some 10 weeks in the locality.'
Accepted locally (M. J. Seago, Norfolk Bird Report 1956: 31).
NOT PROVEN
0). c. 1874 Lincolnshire No locality, obtained, undated.
(Cordeaux, 1899).
[BOU, 1915; Smith & Cornwallis, 1955; BOU, 1971; Lorand & Atkin, 1989].
History Cordeaux (1899: 22) says: 'Some years since I saw an undoubted example of this little goose hanging on a stall in Grimsby market, on which only local birds were exposed; this was unfortunately sold and lost sight of before I could secure it [see Yarrell's Brit. Birds, 4th. ed., Vol. IV. p. 263].'
BOU (1915) say: 'Specimens are also recorded as having been killed in the Humber district, but their histories are rather uncertain.'
Lorand & Atkin (1989) say: 'One was seen by John Cordeaux on a Grimsby market stall in about 1874, but there is no proof where it originated from.'
Comment Not admitted nationally (BOU 1971). Not acceptable.
0). 1876 Norfolk Breydon Broad, obtained, 22nd November, now at Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (Acc. No. 1954Z1.211).
(Watson, 2010).
[KAN].
History Watson (2010) in detailing the W. R. Lysaght collection in the Birmingham Museum lists this specimen from Breydon Broad, Norfolk, obtained on 22nd November 1876, without any further information.
Comment It appears not to have been published in the literature of the day. Lacks adequate details for a possible first for Britain. Not acceptable.
0). 1888 Somerset West Buckland, adult, shot, January.
(W. Gyngell, Hardwicke's Science Gossip 1888: 69; C. Smith, Hardwicke's Science Gossip 1888: 91; W. Gyngell, Zoologist 1888: 227-228; C. Smith, Zoologist 1888: 228-229).
[C. Smith, Zoologist 1888: 176; Not in Saunders, 1899; Not in BOU, 1915, 1971; Not in Palmer & Ballance, 1968].
History W. Gyngell of Wellington (1888) in Hardwicke's Science Gossip, Vol. XXIV. p. 69, says: 'A goose identified as one of this species, and apparently a wild one, was shot near this town in January last. This bird not having been admitted into the British list, the capture is an interesting one, and I shall be pleased to give further information on the subject to any one who will apply to me.'
Cecil Smith of Lyndhurst House (1888) in Hardwicke's Science Gossip, Vol. XXIV. p. 91, says: 'I see Mr. Gyngell, of Wellington, in this county, Somerset, has recorded in the March number of Science Gossip the occurrence of the Lesser White-fronted Goose at West Buckland. He kindly sent the head, legs and wings of this bird, all that remained of it, to me for the purpose of identification. I certainly made the parts sent to be parts of the Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus), the small size of all the parts sent, when compared with the same parts of any other of our grey wild geese, at once led to that conclusion; moreover 'the straight ridged bill forming a line with the forehead', which was very marked in the head of this bird, is a very decided distinction. The white on the forehead though not very clearly marked having some brown feathers intermixed, probably owing to the bird being a young bird, reached farther on the forehead than in A. albifrons, extending quite as far as the eye. The bill, legs and feet, and wings were much smaller than any of our grey wild geese. I compared them carefully with skins of A. albifrons, A. cinereus, and A. segetum, and also with my live A. longhyrhynchus, and could not make them agree with either.
They agree however very exactly with the measurements of those parts given by Dresser, in his Birds of Europe, namely, tarsus 2.2 in. culmen 1.3. The wing I could not take a measurement of as there was not sufficient of it sent me; but, compared with the other skins mentioned, it was very short, and the quill feathers were smaller. I did not record the occurrence of the bird anywhere, as I took it for an escape, one wing to all appearance having been pinioned. I admit I did not in passing my fingers along it find for certain that a joint had been taken off, but the quill feathers were some wanting altogether, and one or two cut very short off. There was no primary quill feathers at all on that wing. Mr. Gyngell has however since written to me to say, that he has since seen the person who shot the bird, and he reports that it was perfectly able to fly, and when first put up flew nearly a mile before it pitched again.'
Cecil Smith (1888) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XII. p. 176, under 'Additions to the list of Somersetshire Birds', says: 'Possibly to these may be added the Lesser White-fronted Goose, Anser erythropus (making the number up to 20 since the Birds of Somerset was published), recorded by Mr. Gyngell, of Wellington, Somerset, in Science Gossip for March last. I have seen the head, wings and legs - all that is left of this bird - and have no doubt as to the identity; but I have great doubt as to whether it ought to be added to the Somerset list on the authority of that specimen, one of the wings showing great signs of its having escaped from confinement. I have sent a note on that subject to Science Gossip.'
W. Gyngell (1888) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XII. pp. 227-229, says 'With reference to the statement which appeared in the Report of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society on April 5th (p. 195), Mr. F. Crisp, Treasurer to the Society, has received the following communication, which he has forwarded for publication: "I have great pleasure in sending you the remains of the Wild Goose shot near here, for inspection at the next meeting of the Linnean Society. I am sorry that I have only the parts enclosed herewith.
The particulars of the bird's taking are as follows: It was seen feeding in some meadows at about two miles from this town, near the village of West Buckland. A farmer either disturbed it, or shot at it, I am not sure which, when it rose and flew away for a mile or so, afterwards returning to the same meadow, where it was then shot by the same farmer's son.
This occurred at about the middle of January last, and it was not until a week or ten days afterwards that I heard of the occurrence, and on visiting the farmer found that the bird had been eaten, the parts now preserved being all that remained.
These parts I sent to Mr. Cecil Smith, of Lydeard House, near Taunton, and he expressed his opinion in a letter to me that the bird was a specimen of Lesser White-fronted Goose, in its first-year.'
C. Smith (1888) in The Zoologist, 3rd series, Vol. XII. pp. 228-229, says: 'As I am responsible for naming the Goose exhibited by Mr. Crisp at the meeting of the Linnean Society on the 5th of April (referred to pp. 176, 195), I should like to give as shortly as possible my reasons for naming the bird. The very small size of the parts sent as compared with the same parts of any other of our wild Grey Geese struck me immediately. Though evidently, from the small extent of white on the forehead, an immature bird, the small size could not be attributed to immaturity; as the bird was shot in January, it would by that time have fully attained the size of an adult. The next point was the shape of the head, the forehead and the ridge of the bill being in the same line (cf. Yarrell, ed. 4. Vol. IV. p. 263: 'Its small size, short straight-ridged bill forming a line with the forehead, on which the white extends beyond the line of the eye.').'
This certainly applies to the present specimen, for though an immature bird, the position of the white is clearly to be traced on the forehead, and extends directly over the centre of the eye....Of course it is not easy to judge, from the fragments sent, between two somewhat similar species, as it would have been had the entire skin been sent; but it certainly seems to me, in spite of what was said at the meeting of the Linnean Society, that the head and bill are in this case sufficient to enable one to form a satisfactory opinion, and that anyone comparing them with the same parts of A. albifrons or any of our other wild Grey Geese could scarcely be in doubt as to the species.
Since the meeting of the Linnean Society, Mr. Gyngell has again sent the remains to me, and they are now before me, as also are specimens of our other wild Grey Geese, and I see no reason to alter my opinion. As to the matter of escape, that is another question, and I should be glad of further evidence on that point from Mr. Gyngell and the person who shot the bird.'
Locally, Palmer & Ballance (1968) listed this record under their unacceptable species for Somerset.
Comment The description refers to an adult. Probable escape. Not acceptable.
0). 1888 Oxfordshire North Aston, shot, undated.
(Davies, 1962).
[Not in Saunders, 1899; Not in BOU, 1915; Radford, 1966].
History Davies (1962: 17) says: 'One was supposed to have been shot at North Aston in the early spring of 1888, but the record is not sufficiently proved.' Radford (1966: 67) expressed doubts about this record.
Comment It appears not to have been published in the literature of the day. Lacks adequate details. Not acceptable.
0). 1894 Dumfries & Galloway Nith Estuary, Carsethorn, Kirkcudbrightshire, seven/eight, two shot, 14th January.
(Gladstone, 1910).
[Gladstone, 1910].
History Gladstone (1910: 243-244) recording the record in square brackets, says: 'On January 14th, 1894, Mr. Robert McCall came across a party of seven or eight birds, which are believed to have been of this species, on the Nith Estuary opposite Carsethorn (Kirkcudbright). Being unable to get a satisfactory shot at them with his punt-gun, he killed two with his shoulder-gun. One was too badly shot to be preserved, but the other he gave to Mr. R. Service, who writes to me concerning it as follows: "It was a very small bird, the smallest grey goose I ever had locally. It was nearly black on the under parts, the colour being dispersed in big patches, and there was a broad basal band of white round the bill. To my extreme regret this specimen was torn to pieces and destroyed by a dog that got into the shed where it was being dried".
The Lesser White-fronted Goose has hitherto only been recorded as a visitor to the British Isles on some half-dozen occasions; and it is to be regretted that the loss of what is firmly believed to have been a specimen of this species, has deprived the county of its first recorded occurrence in Scotland.'
0). 1900 Norfolk Wash, adult male, shot, 24th January.
(F. Coburn, Zoologist 1901: 317: R. Bowdler Sharpe, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 12: 15; J. H. Gurney, jun., Zoologist 1902: 85; J. H. Gurney, jun., Ibis 1902: 269-275; H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst, British Birds 2: 25; Riviere, 1930).
[BOU, 1915; BOU, 1971]
History F. Coburn of Birmingham (1901) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. V. p. 317, says: 'On Jan. 24th, 1900, an adult female of this exceedingly rare and perfectly distinct species of Wild Goose was procured in Norfolk, and is now in my collection. During my experience I have seen not merely hundreds, but probably thousands of the ordinary White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) in the flesh, and my eyes are thoroughly accustomed to the general outline and appearance of the bird. When this A. erythropus came into my possession in the flesh, I instantly detected its strikingly distinctive characters, and could not help wondering how any person who had ever seen the two birds in a freshly killed condition could doubt for a moment their specific distinctness. This is, I believe, the second instance only on record for Great Britain.'
R. Bowdler Sharpe, Editor (1901) in the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, Vol. XII. p. 15, at the 81st Meeting of the Club held on 23rd October 1901 at the Restaurant Frascati, London, says: 'Mr. Coburn also exhibited some British examples of the following birds: a Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus), shot near King's Lynn, Norfolk, in 1900.'
J. H. Gurney, jun., of Keswick Hall, Norwich (1902) in The Zoologist, 4th series, Vol. VI. p. 85, says: 'January 24th. A Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus, L.), female, obtained in the Wash, and sent from King's Lynn, with some Coots and Knots, to a poulterer at Birmingham, was there detected by Mr. Coburn (Zool., 1900, p. 317), who secured it. Although a large specimen (measuring - culmen 1.5 in., tarsus 2.4 in., length 22 in.), there seems no doubt that Mr. Coburn has correctly identified it. He remarks that its legs were not yellow, but they would naturally change after death to a reddish orange, which is what Mr. Coburn describes them to have been. In this example, which, through the kindness of Mr. Coburn, was exhibited at a meeting of the Norwich Naturalists' Society, the white forehead extends nearly up to a point between the eyes, which is generally considered a distinctive mark of A. erythropus....It is possible that a White-fronted Goose shot on Breydon in January, 1880, and described by Mr. Stevenson as somewhat small, may have been A. erythropus, a bird, as Mr. Coburn's specimen shows, easy to pass over.'
J. H. Gurney, jun., (1902) in The Ibis, Vol. XLIV. pp. 269-275, says: 'Mr. F. Coburn, of Birmingham, has announced in The Zoologist (1901, p. 317) an event of considerable interest to British ornithologists, namely, that a Lesser White-fronted Goose, Anser erythropus (= A. minutus Naum.), was killed during the preceding January in Norfolk. I understand that this rare bird was taken in the Wash, and sent along with some Coots and Knots to a poulterer in Birmingham Market by a reliable fisherman at King's Lynn, but, of course, it is as likely to have been obtained on the Lincolnshire side as in Norfolk.
The weather, when it was shot, was fine with westerly winds. Mr. Coburn has since been good enough to give me an opportunity of comparing his specimen with several examples of the White-fronted Goose (A. albifrons), and as its beak, which is the important feature, is intermediate in size between those of its two allies, I hope that a few remarks will not be out of place with a view to further establishing its identity, and also the specific value of the three closely allied species, A. albifrons, A. erythropus and A. gambeli....
Since Professor Newton first discriminated between A. albifrons and A. erythropus (P.Z.S., 1860, p. 339) the marks by which the latter has been held to be distinguishable from A. albifrons are its much smaller size, its distinctly smaller beak, and the slightly darker tint of its plumage, more particularly beneath the wing, though this cannot be said to be apparent in Mr. Coburn's specimen. The white of the face and forehead is generally more extended in A. erythropus, reaching backwards to a point between the eyes, as will be seen from the accompanying figure of Mr. Coburn's bird (fig. 6, p. 270).
Another important point is that in A. erythropus the eyelids are yellowish, making a definite circle round the eye (cf. Ibis, 1901, p. 451). Mr. Coburn's Goose may possibly be nearly adult, but I doubt the fact, for it has not much black on the under surface, although shot in the month of January; he considered the skull smaller than that of A. albifrons, and the eye-sockets nearer to the base of the bill - an osteological difference which, though slight, may be important.
His bird measured 22 inches in length before it was skinned, whereas the length of a fine A. albifrons, also preserved by him, was 26½; and that of another measured by me was 27; Its legs, when received it, were deep reddish orange, having probably changed to that colour from yellow; the bill was fleshy yellow, the nail white with a pink tinge; the irides were hazel. The colour of the soft parts, and especially of the beak, is a very important feature in Geese, but needs to be noted immediately after death or in life....
A. erythropus was first introduced as a British bird at a meeting of the Zoological Society of London held in November 1886, when a young male, shot by Mr. A. C. Chapman on the coast of Northumberland, was placed upon the table; of this Mr. Chapman has given a full account in The Field of Dec. 11th, 1886 (Vol. LXVIII. p. 87), where he states that it weighed only 2½ lbs., which is 2 lbs. less than Mr. Coburn's bird....Another specimen of A. erythropus, the head of which I saw, was shot in January 1888 in Somersetshire, but it was supposed to have escaped from captivity (Zool., 1888, p. 176). A third example had been previously seen (about 1874) by the late Mr. J. Cordeaux in a game-shop at Grimsby (B. Humber District, p. 22).'
Admitted by H. F. Witherby & N. F. Ticehurst (1908) in British Birds, Vol. II. p. 25, under 'On the More Important Additions to our Knowledge of British Birds since 1899'.
BOU (1915) says: 'One is said to have been shot on the Wash, Norfolk, January 1900.'
Accepted locally (Riviere 1930) but Seago (1977) made no mention of it at all. Not admitted nationally (BOU 1971).
0). 1906 Staffordshire Near Chasetown, shot, 11th October.
(F. C. R. Jourdain & H. F. Witherby, British Birds 4: 107).
[BOU, 1915].
History F. C. R. Jourdain & H. F. Witherby (1910) in British Birds, Vol. IV. p. 107, recording the record in square brackets, say: 'One shot near Chasetown, October 11th, 1906, and cooked, but identified by Mr. Coburn from one foot and a number of feathers subsequently recovered. This species is not on the Staffordshire list.'
Not admitted nationally in their second List of British Birds (BOU 1915).
